Urban sprawl and residential segregation in Western Suburb Area of Malang City, East Java, Indonesia

Satti Wagistina, Antariksa Antariksa

Abstract


Aim of this study is to analyze the impact of urban sprawl on the residential and social segregation in western suburb area of Malang city. This research has been conducted through combination of qualitative and quantitative methods or mixed method. Quantitative method was undertook to identify the urban sprawl. Urban sprawl was detected by means of urban morphology approach. Quantitative method was represented by: (1) the processing of Normalized Difference Built up Index to identify the built-up area growth and (2) delineation of residential area types taken from Google earth and ground checking at the study location. Qualitative method was done by using the hermeneutical phenomenology to investigate the social segregation. Research’s result showed that there is urban sprawl, impacting on spatial structure changes. Spatial structure has been shown by the alteration of non-built-up areas into planned settlements separated from village, further referred as residential segregation. Residential segregation shows that there is social segregation between the migrants and natives in western suburb area of Malang city. This research concludes that the urban sprawl has implication on shifting process of rural to suburb area. However, the shifting process does not impact on systematic social dimension between the migrants and natives.

 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak perambahan perkotaan terhadap segregasi permukiman dan sosial di daerah pinggiran barat kota Malang. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui kombinasi metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif atau metode campuran. Metode kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi perambahan kota yang terdeteksi melalui pendekatan morfologi perkotaan. Metode kuantitatif diwakili oleh: (1) pengolahan “Normalised Difference Built Up Index” untuk mengidentifikasi pertumbuhan area terbangun dan (2) penggambaran tipe-tipe area pemukiman yang diambil melalui Google EarthTM dan cek lapangan di lokasi penelitian. Metode kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan fenomenologi hermeneutis untuk menyelidiki segregasi sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perambahan perkotaan (urban sprawl) berdampak pada perubahan struktur spasial. Struktur tata ruang telah ditunjukkan oleh perubahan daerah-daerah yang tidak dibangun menjadi pemukiman-pemukiman terencana yang terpisah dari desa, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai segregasi perumahan. Pemisahan pemukiman menunjukkan bahwa ada segregasi sosial antara pendatang dan penduduk asli di daerah pinggiran barat kota Malang.  Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa urban sprawl memiliki implikasi pada pergeseran proses dari pedesaan ke daerah pinggiran kota, akan tetapi  proses pergeseran tidak berdampak pada dimensi sosial yang sistematis antara pendatang dengan penduduk asli.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um017v24i12019p011


Keywords


urban sprawl, residential segregation, social segregation, spatial expression, migran-native

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um017v24i12019p11-24

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