The Use of Economy Token to Reduce Tantrum Among Autistic Students

Mohamad Kassim Mohamed Yaseen, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar

Abstract


Token economy is one form of behavior modification in addressing the behavior problem among special education students. This study aims to see the effectiveness of using token economy in reducing the behavior of autism students. This study focuses on an autism student that studying in one of the primary school in Sentul District of Kuala Lumpur. The study uses the A-B-A Model design which encompasses three phases, baseline phase (A) observation of the behavior of the subject subject to the predetermined time. The intervention phase (B), the implementation of economic and phase token without intervention (A), is a phase without the application of token economy. Data were collected through observation on frequency of behavior of the study subject. The observation was conducted for 6 weeks involving three timelines of the study ie before, during and after intervention. Data obtained were analyzed by using descriptive statistic. Data then illustrated through frequency tables and line graphs to show the effectiveness of the economic token interventions implemented. The findings show that the use of token economy reduces the behavior of autism students. Future research can use the finding from this study as a guideline for special education teachers in addressing the problem of special needs students. In regard to this study, it will be a source of inspiration to the teacher that negative behavior can be changed when correct methods and technique are implemented.


Keywords


Token economy; Tantrum; Autism

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abu, S. (2009). Menjadi Guru Tadika. PTS Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

Adibsereshki, N., Abkenar, S. J., Ashoori, M., & Mirzamani, M. (2015). The effectiveness of using reinforcements in the classroom on the academic achievement of students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), 83-93.

Ando, H., & Yoshimura, I. (1978). Prevalence of maladaptive behavior in retarded children as a function of IQ and age. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6(3), 345-349.

Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis 1. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1(1), 91-97.

Barton, C. L. (2013). Effectiveness of 1-2-3 magic for teachers to improve classroom management and discipline. Capella University.

Carnett, A., Raulstun, T., Lang, R., Tostanoski, A., Lee, A., Sigafoos, J. & Machalick, W. (2014). Effects of a perseverative interest-based token economy on challenging and on-task behavior in a child with autism. Journal of Behavioral Education, 23(1), 368-377.

Everard, M. P. (1976). An Approach to Teaching Autistic Children. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Fiksdal, B. L. (2015). A comparison of the effectiveness of a token economy system, a response cost condition, and a combination condition in reducing problem behaviors and increasing student academic engagement and performance in two first grade classrooms. Thesis, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects Paper.

Hashim, S., Razali, M., & Jantan, R. (2007). Psikologi Pendidikan. Pahang, PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

Hirst, E. S. J., Dozier, C.L., & Payne, S.W., (2016). Efficacy of and preference for reinforcement and response cost in token economies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 49(2), 329-345.

Jahari, S. B., Yasin, M. H., & Tahar, M. M. (2016). Seminar Modifikasi Tingkah Laku Murid Pendidikan Khas (Bermasalah Pembelajaran) Peringkat Negeri Johor, At JPN Negeri Johor.

Jolivette, K., & Steed, E. (2010). Classroom Management Strategies of Young Children with Challenging Behavior Within Early Childhood Settings. NHSA Dialog, 13(3), 198-213.

Koegel, L., Matos-Freden, R., Lang, R., & Koegel, R. (2012). Interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders in inclusive school settings. Cognitive and Behavioral practice, 19(3), 401-412.

Koegel, R. L., Rincover, A. & Egel, A. L. (1982). Educating and Understanding Autistic Children. California: Hill Press.

MacDonald, R., Green, G., Mansfield, R., Geckeler, A., Gardenier, N., Anderson, J., ... & Sanchez, J. (2007). Stereotypy in young children with autism and typically developing children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28(3), 266-277.

Matson, J. L. (2007). Current status of differential diagnosis for children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28(2), 109–118.

Matson, J., & Boisjoli. (2007). The token economy for children with intellectual disability and/or autism: A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(2), 240-248.

Miltenberger, R. (2001). Behavior Modification Principle and Procedures (2nd Ed.). USA: Wadsworth.

Miltenberger, R. (2008). Behaviour Modification. Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing.

Nahiappan, S., Jantan R., & Shukor, A. A. A. (2008). Motivasi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Dlm. Suppiah Nachiappan, Ramlah Jantan & Abdul Aziz Abdul Shukor (pnyt). Siri Pendidikan Guru. Psikologi Pendidikan. Shah Alam; Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.

Nelson, K. G. (2003). Exlporation of Classroom Participation in the Presence of a Token Economy Journal of Instructional Psychology.

Premack, D. (1959). Toward empirical behavior laws: I. Positive reinforcement. Psychological Review, 66(4), 219.

Rachel S. F., Tarbox, Patrick M., Ghezzi & Ginger Wilson. (2009). The effects of token reinforcement on attending in a young child with autism. Behavioral Interventions, 2(3), 155-164.

Rahmah. (2010). Strategi pembelajaran untuk mengatasi perilaku tantrum pada anak autistik. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(2), 1-10.

Robacker, C. M., Rivera, C. J., & Warren, S. H. (2016). A token economy made easy through ClassDojo. Intervention in School and Clinic, 52(1), 39-43.

Sapp, S. E. (2007). Autisms: symptoms causes and treatments. Tesis Sarjanamuda, University of Tennessee.

Sazali, M. T. (2014). Mengurangkan Masalah Tingkah Laku Negatif Murid Sindrom Down dan ADHD Menggunakan Kaedah Pokok Ganjaran. Seminar Penyelidikan Tindakan Jilid 2.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science And Human Behavior. New York: Collier Macmillan Limited.

Sumrah, S., Sudirman, S., & Ahmad, R. (2008). Kaedah Menangani Kanak-kanak Bermasalah Tingkah Laku. Seminar Kaunseling Keluarga. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Wing, L. (1976). Early Childhood Autism. Dlm. Wing, L. & Kenneth, J. (pnyt.). Early Childhood Autism: Clinical, Educational and Social Aspect. Ed. 2. Oxford: Robert Maxwell.

Wyka, E. V. (2009). Reducing Inappropriate Behaviors of Second Grade Students through Modification Strategies Coupled with a Coressponding Reinforcement System. Caldwell College.

Zlomke, K., & Zlomke, L. (2003). Token Economy Plus Self-Monitoring to Reduce Disruptive Classroom Behaviors. Behavior Analyst Today, 4(2), 177-182.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um029v5i12018p20-25

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Luar Biasa



Journal "Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Luar Biasa" Indexing by:

    

Journal JPPPLB" Statistics