Efektivitas Program Pendidikan Inklusif di Negara Berkembang: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Konteks Multukultural

Nanda Nur Hafizah; Riyuzen Praja Tuala; Oki Dermawan

Efektivitas Program Pendidikan Inklusif di Negara Berkembang: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Konteks Multukultural

Nanda Nur Hafizah, Riyuzen Praja Tuala, Oki Dermawan

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inclusive education program implementation in developing countries with multicultural backgrounds, particularly in Indonesia, Malaysia and India. Inclusive education, which emphasizes providing equal opportunities for all learners without exception, including those who have special needs or come from diverse social and cultural backgrounds, is faced with various challenges in these developing countries. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), by analyzing 28 relevant articles obtained from various sources, such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The results show that although inclusive education policies have been introduced, their implementation has not been optimal, especially in rural areas, due to various factors such as access gaps, lack of adequate teacher training and limited infrastructure and resources. However, there are significant opportunities to improve the effectiveness of inclusive education through strengthening policies, utilizing technology, adjusting the curriculum to suit local cultural diversity and increasing public awareness of the importance of inclusive education. This study makes an important contribution to enriching the literature on inclusive education in developing countries and offers strategic recommendations for improving inclusive education in developing countries.
Keywords: Inclusive Education; Developing Countries; Multiculturalism

Abstrak: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi program pendidikan inklusif di negara-negara berkembang dengan latar belakang multikultural, khususnya di Indonesia, Malaysia, dan India. Pendidikan inklusif, yang menekankan pada pemberian kesempatan yang setara bagi seluruh peserta didik tanpa terkecuali, termasuk mereka yang memiliki kebutuhan khusus atau berasal dari latar belakang sosial dan budaya yang beragam, dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan di negara-negara berkembang ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR), dengan menganalisis 28 artikel relevan yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, seperti Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kebijakan pendidikan inklusif telah diperkenalkan, implementasinya belum optimal, terutama di daerah pedesaan, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti kesenjangan akses, kurangnya pelatihan guru yang memadai, serta keterbatasan infrastruktur dan sumber daya. Namun, terdapat peluang signifikan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pendidikan inklusif melalui penguatan kebijakan, pemanfaatan teknologi, penyesuaian kurikulum yang sesuai dengan keberagaman budaya lokal, dan peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pendidikan inklusif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memperkaya literatur mengenai pendidikan inklusif di negara berkembang dan menawarkan rekomendasi strategis untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan serta kesetaraan akses pendidikan yang inklusif di negara-negara dengan keragaman budaya dan etnis yang kompleks.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan Inklusif; Negara Berkembang; Multikulturalisme

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