Efektivitas Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SMP Islam Terpadu Ad Durrah Medan

Nur Alfiana Kholizah, Muhammad Fadhli

Abstract


Abstract: This study aims to analyze the principal's supervision in improving teacher performance at SMP IT Ad Durrah Medan. Teacher performance is very important to improve the quality of education in schools. One way that can be done to improve teacher performance is through supervision carried out by the principal. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that supervision is carried out through three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. At the planning stage, the principal prepares a supervision program, determines the focus of supervision based on data, and prepares assessment instruments. At the implementation stage, supervision is carried out by visiting classes, observing learning, checking lesson plans, and seeing student learning outcomes. Furthermore, at the evaluation stage, the principal meets with teachers to discuss the results of supervision and carry out follow-up in the form of coaching or training. Supervision that is carried out regularly and openly has a positive impact on improving teacher performance. Teachers become more enthusiastic, focused, and assisted in carrying out their duties.
Keywords: supervision, improving, principal, teacher performance

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SMP IT Ad Durrah Medan. Kinerja guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru adalah melalui supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supervisi dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pada tahap perencanaan, kepala sekolah menyusun program supervisi, menentukan fokus supervisi berdasarkan data, dan menyiapkan instrumen penilaian. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, supervisi dilakukan dengan cara mengunjungi kelas, mengamati pembelajaran, memeriksa RPP, dan melihat hasil belajar siswa. Selanjutnya, pada tahap evaluasi, kepala sekolah melakukan pertemuan dengan guru untuk membahas hasil supervisi dan melakukan tindak lanjut dalam bentuk pembinaan atau pelatihan. Supervisi yang dilakukan secara teratur dan terbuka ini berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru. Guru menjadi lebih semangat, terarah, dan terbantu dalam melaksanakan tugasnya
Kata kunci: supervisi, meningkatkan, kepala sekolah, kinerja guru

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References


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Bastian, K. C., & Henry, G. T. (2020). Teacher Observation Systems and Feedback. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373719884062

Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2022). Handbook of Instructional Leadership: How Successful Principals Promote Teaching and Learning. Corwin.

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Bush, T. (2020). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. SAGE Publications.

Büyükgöze, H., & Çakmak, M. (2019). Instructional Supervision and Professional Development. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2019.01.009

Cansoy, R. (2019). The Effect of Instructional Leadership on Teacher Performance. SAGE Open, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019866297

Cosner, S. (2020). Leadership for Instructional Improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2019.1614085

Danielson, C. (2020). Enhancing Professional Practice: A Framework for Teaching. ASCD.

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Harris, A. (2021). Teacher Learning and Supervision. School Leadership & Management, 41(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2021.1889492

Hazi, H. M. (2021). Data-Driven Supervision. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-04-2020-0077

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Lee, M., & Hallinger, P. (2020). Principal Leadership and Teacher Professional Learning. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09606-5

Louis, K. S. (2019). Trust and Improvement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18809383

Lunsford, L. G. (2021). Supervising Academic Work: Supervisors’ Perspectives. Studies in Higher Education, 46(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1654453

Muijs, D. (2020). Improving Schools Through Data Use. School Leadership & Management, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1690700

Nolan, J. (2020). Reflective Practice in Supervision. Reflective Practice, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1804965

Nolan, J. F., & Hoover, L. A. (2020). Teacher Supervision and Evaluation. Wiley.

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Parylo, O. (2020). Teacher Evaluation and Supervision Models. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4659

Pollock, K., & Hauseman, D. C. (2021). Leading with Data. International Studies in Educational Administration, 49(1). https://cceam.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ISEA-2021-Vol-49-1-Pollock-Hauseman.pdf

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Robinson, V. M. J. (2020). Reduce Change to Increase Improvement. Corwin.

Selian, K., & Bahri, S. (2025). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah Aceh Tenggara. Edu Society: Jurnal Pendidikan, Ilmu Sosial, Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarak, 4(3), 1948–1958. https://doi.org/https://jurnal.permapendis-sumut.org/index.php/edusociety

Sergiovanni, T. J. (2020a). Moral Leadership: Getting to the Heart of School Improvement. Jossey-Bass.

Sergiovanni, T. J. (2020b). The Principalship: A Reflective Practice Perspective. Wiley.

Silfatman, Y., Lilianti, L., & Nurzaima, N. (2022). Pelaksanaan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran (JPP), 3(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.51454/jpp.v3i1.441

Skedsmo, G. (2020). Forms of Instructional Supervision in Schools. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1637544

Spillane, J. P. (2020). Leading and Managing Instructional Improvement. Wiley.

Steinberg, M. P., & Sartain, L. (2021). Classroom Observations and Teacher Performance. Educational Researcher, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20977705

Stosich, E. L. (2020). Data Use and Instructional Improvement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19887617

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif & RND. Alfabeta.

Whitaker, T. (2021). What Great Principals Do Differently. Routledge.

Xaba, M. I., & Malindi, M. J. (2022). Instructional Leadership Practices and Teacher Professionalism. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211066177

Youngs, P. (2020). Using Teacher Evaluation Data. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19889195

Zepeda, S. J. (2021a). Effective Supervision for Teacher Development. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1839219

Zepeda, S. J. (2021b). Instructional Supervision: Applying Tools and Concepts. Routledge.

Abusmar, Harun, C., & Usman, N. (2013). Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akedemik Oleh Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Profesional Guru Pada Smp Negeri 1 Simeulue Timur Kabupaten Simeulue. Jurnal Pendidikan Serambi Ilmu, 14(1), 1–7.

Alvoid, L., & Black, W. L. (2020). The Principal’s Guide to Instructional Supervision. ASCD.

Arens, A. K., & Morin, A. J. S. (2019). Relations Between Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion and Students’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(7). https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000345

Bastian, K. C., & Henry, G. T. (2020). Teacher Observation Systems and Feedback. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373719884062

Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2022). Handbook of Instructional Leadership: How Successful Principals Promote Teaching and Learning. Corwin.

Blumberg, A. (2019). Supervisory Conferences: A Key Component. Educational Leadership, 76(7). https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/supervisory-conferences-a-key-component

Bush, T. (2020). Theories of Educational Leadership and Management. SAGE Publications.

Büyükgöze, H., & Çakmak, M. (2019). Instructional Supervision and Professional Development. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2019.01.009

Cansoy, R. (2019). The Effect of Instructional Leadership on Teacher Performance. SAGE Open, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019866297

Cosner, S. (2020). Leadership for Instructional Improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2019.1614085

Danielson, C. (2020). Enhancing Professional Practice: A Framework for Teaching. ASCD.

Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2020). Successful School Leadership. Bloomsbury.

Derrington, M. L. (2020). The Role of Reflection in Instructional Supervision. Journal of Educational Supervision, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.31045/jes.3.1.4

Fullan, M. (2020). Leading in a Culture of Change. Wiley.

Gawlik, M. A. (2020). Instructional Leadership, Supervision, and Evaluation. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4893

Glatthorn, A. A., Jailall, J. M., & Jailall, J. K. (2021). The Principal as Curriculum Leader: Shaping What is Taught and Tested. Corwin.

Glickman, C. D. (2022). Developmental Supervision for Reflective Teaching. NASSP Bulletin, 106(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/01926365211070262

Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2022). SuperVision and Instructional Leadership: A Developmental Approach. Pearson.

Goddard, R. D., & Goddard, Y. L. (2020). School Leadership and Teacher Collaboration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19878744

Gumus, S., & Bellibas, M. S. (2020). Principal Leadership and Student Achievement. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2019-0387

Hargreaves, A. (2020). Collaborative Professionalism. Corwin.

Harris, A. (2021). Teacher Learning and Supervision. School Leadership & Management, 41(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2021.1889492

Hazi, H. M. (2021). Data-Driven Supervision. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-04-2020-0077

Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2019). Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice. McGraw-Hill, 10(1).

Ismail, H. N. (2019). Teachers’ Perceptions of Principals’ Instructional Leadership Practices. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217730207

Janah, R., Akbar, Z., & Yetti, E. (2019). Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Guru PAUD di Kota Depok. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 234. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i1.236

Kimball, S. M. (2019). Using Evaluation Data for Instructional Improvement. American Journal of Education, 125(4). https://doi.org/10.1086/704069

Klar, H. W., & Brewer, C. A. (2021). Successful Leadership in High-Need Schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X20912639

Klein, E. J., & Riordan, M. (2021). Realizing the Potential of Instructional Supervision. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012

Kutsyuruba, B., & Walker, K. D. (2021). The Role of Trust in Principal-Teacher Relationships. School Leadership & Management, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1838436

Lee, M., & Hallinger, P. (2020). Principal Leadership and Teacher Professional Learning. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09606-5

Louis, K. S. (2019). Trust and Improvement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18809383

Lunsford, L. G. (2021). Supervising Academic Work: Supervisors’ Perspectives. Studies in Higher Education, 46(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1654453

Muijs, D. (2020). Improving Schools Through Data Use. School Leadership & Management, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1690700

Nolan, J. (2020). Reflective Practice in Supervision. Reflective Practice, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1804965

Nolan, J. F., & Hoover, L. A. (2020). Teacher Supervision and Evaluation. Wiley.

Ovando, M. N. (2020). Building Capacity Through Instructional Supervision. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 15(1). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1245502

Parylo, O. (2020). Teacher Evaluation and Supervision Models. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4659

Pollock, K., & Hauseman, D. C. (2021). Leading with Data. International Studies in Educational Administration, 49(1). https://cceam.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ISEA-2021-Vol-49-1-Pollock-Hauseman.pdf

Reeves, D. B. (2020). The Learning Leader: How to Focus School Improvement for Better Results. ASCD.

Robinson, V. M. J. (2020). Reduce Change to Increase Improvement. Corwin.

Selian, K., & Bahri, S. (2025). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Darul Hasanah Aceh Tenggara. Edu Society: Jurnal Pendidikan, Ilmu Sosial, Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarak, 4(3), 1948–1958. https://doi.org/https://jurnal.permapendis-sumut.org/index.php/edusociety

Sergiovanni, T. J. (2020a). Moral Leadership: Getting to the Heart of School Improvement. Jossey-Bass.

Sergiovanni, T. J. (2020b). The Principalship: A Reflective Practice Perspective. Wiley.

Silfatman, Y., Lilianti, L., & Nurzaima, N. (2022). Pelaksanaan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran (JPP), 3(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.51454/jpp.v3i1.441

Skedsmo, G. (2020). Forms of Instructional Supervision in Schools. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1637544

Spillane, J. P. (2020). Leading and Managing Instructional Improvement. Wiley.

Steinberg, M. P., & Sartain, L. (2021). Classroom Observations and Teacher Performance. Educational Researcher, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20977705

Stosich, E. L. (2020). Data Use and Instructional Improvement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19887617

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif & RND. Alfabeta.

Whitaker, T. (2021). What Great Principals Do Differently. Routledge.

Xaba, M. I., & Malindi, M. J. (2022). Instructional Leadership Practices and Teacher Professionalism. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211066177

Youngs, P. (2020). Using Teacher Evaluation Data. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19889195

Zepeda, S. J. (2021a). Effective Supervision for Teacher Development. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1839219

Zepeda, S. J. (2021b). Instructional Supervision: Applying Tools and Concepts. Routledge.


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