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Cultural violence in Indonesian ethnic humor: A critical discourse analysis
Abstract
This study proposes to explain that Indonesian ethnic humor show cultural violence on the target group, in addition, to establishing an interethnic dialogue. Cultural violence is defined as the entire cultural aspect that can be used to legitimize violence, whether direct or structural. Forms of cultural violence can include religion, ideology, language, empirical sciences, formal science, and cosmology. The problems questioned are (1) how cultural violence is depicted in the language structure of Indonesian ethnic humor and (2) how are the forms of cultural violence in the discourse of Indonesian ethnic humor. Data on ethnic humor were from books, magazines, websites, and social media. All were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. The results show that the potential for cultural violence in ethnic humor can be traced by its content and context. The content relates to the expressed substance and language, while context is under users' social and historical formation. Ethnic humor in Indonesia targets ethnic minorities such as Chinese and Madurese. When it comes to racist circumstances, ethnic humor can normalize structural discrimination and violence against the referred ethnicities. Cultural violence includes stigmatization, normalization of discriminatory policies, and social exclusion. This finding suggests that nonserious discourse, such as humor, has a severe social impact, therefore it must be used wisely.
Budaya kekerasan dalam humor etnis Indonesia: Analisis wacana kritis
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa humor etnis Indonesia menunjukkan kekerasan budaya pada kelompok sasaran, selain itu, untuk membangun dialog antar-etnis. Kekerasan budaya didefinisikan sebagai seluruh aspek budaya yang dapat digunakan untuk melegitimasi kekerasan, baik langsung maupun struktural. Bentuk kekerasan budaya dapat mencakup agama, ideologi, bahasa, ilmu pengetahuan empiris, ilmu pengetahuan formal, dan kosmologi. Pertanyaan yang diajukan adalah (1) bagaimana kekerasan budaya digambarkan dalam struktur bahasa humor etnis Indonesia dan (2) bagaimana bentuk kekerasan budaya dalam wacana humor etnis Indonesia. Data tentang humor etnis berasal dari buku, majalah, situs web, dan media sosial. Semua dianalisis menggunakan analisis wacana kritis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa potensi kekerasan budaya dalam humor etnis dapat dilacak melalui konten dan konteksnya. Konten terkait dengan substansi dan bahasa yang diekspresikan, sedangkan konteks berada di bawah pembentukan sosial dan sejarah pengguna. Humor etnis di Indonesia menargetkan minoritas etnis seperti Tionghoa dan Madura. Dalam situasi yang rasis, humor etnis dapat memperkuat diskriminasi struktural dan kekerasan terhadap etnis yang disebutkan. Kekerasan budaya mencakup penstigmaan, normalisasi kebijakan diskriminatif, dan eksklusi sosial. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa wacana yang tidak serius, seperti humor, memiliki dampak sosial yang serius, oleh karena itu harus digunakan dengan bijak.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v52i12024p43
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