Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite with Various Composition of CaCO3 and Starch

Agris Setiawan, Fransisca Diana Wahyuningsih, Riria Zendy Mirahati

Abstract


Calcium carbonate has the potential to be used in the development of medical materials, including biomaterials. Biocomposite is composed of CaCO3 as matrix material and bioplastic from the combination of corn starch and cassava starch as reinforcement. This study aims to determine mechanical properties such as tensile strength and bending/flexural strength with varying compositions of CaCO3 and bioplastic. Characterization of the biocomposite uses Scanning Electron Microscope to observe the microstructure and composition elements of their structure. This study used 4 variations in the ratio of CaCO3 suspension: (Corn Starch + Cassava Starch). Each sample was characterized using specimen code A for composition 30:70 (w/w) percent and specimen B for composition 40:60 (w/w) percent, specimen C for composition 50:50 (w/w) percent, and specimen D for composition 60:40 (w/w) percent. Based on the results of shrinkage measurements on flexural strength specimens, specimen B has the lowest percentage value of 15±0.01 percent. The lowest tensile strength specimen is found in specimens C and D at 12±0.01 percent. The tensile test results also showed that specimen D had a higher ultimate strength value than the other specimens, which was 0.06±0.03 MPa. Microstructure characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of Oxygen at approximately 48.39 percent mass, Carbon at approximately 30.27 percent mass, Nitrogen at approximately 11.77 percent mass, Calcium at approximately 9.57 percent mass, with Calcium being detected in the form of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3).


Keywords


Bending strength, biocomposite, bioplastic, CaCO3, cassava starch, tensile strength

Full Text:

PDF

References


F.P. He, Y. Tian, X.B. Fang, Y.B. Xu, and J.D. Ye, “Porous calcium phosphate composite bioceramic beads’, Ceram. Int. 44 (11), pp 13430–13433, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.04.109

M. G. Ma, S. Liu, and L. H. Fu, “Calcium carbonate and cellulose/calcium carbonate composites: synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications”, Materials Science Forum, vol. 875, pp 24-44, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.875.24.

R. Kadli and S. R. Gajula, “Beneficiation of limestone from bagalkot, karnataka for metallurgical industry”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 3, pp 2095–2097. 2014.

W. G. Billotte, “Ceramic Biomaterials”, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition, Washington, CRC Press, 2003.

A.S. Guzun, M. Jinga, S.I. Jipa, and T. Dobre, “Microwave assisted synthesis of bacterial cellulose-calcium carbonate composites”, Industrial crops and products, pp 414-422, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.063

V. Tyagi, and B. Bhattacharya, “Role of plasticizers in bioplastics”, MOJ Food Processing & Technology, vol. 7(4), pp. 128–130, 2019.

K. Kaewtatip and V. Tanrattanakul, “Structure and properties of pregelatinized cassava starch/kaolin composites”, Materials & Design, vol 37, pp 423–428, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.12.039.

J.Yang, X. Dong , J. Wang, Y.C. Ching, J. Liu, C. Li, Y. Baikeli , Z. Li, N.M. Al-Hada, and S. Xu “Synthesis and properties of bioplastics from corn starch and citric acid-epoxidized soybean oil oligomers”, Journal of Materials Research And Technology. vol. 20, pp 373-380, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.07.119.

H. B. M. Z, Islam, M. A. B. H. Susan, and A. B. Imran, “Effects of plasticizers and clays on the physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of potato starch-based nanocomposite films”. ACS Omega, vol. 5(28), pp 17543–17552, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c02012.

A.E, Tontowi, “Experimental study on nanobiocomposite of [nHA/Bioplastic] for building a porous block”, Proceeding of conference: Nanocon, vol.14, 1.7, 2014.

H. Khallok, A. Elouahli, S. Ojala, R.L. Keiski, A. Kheribech, and Z. Hatim, “Preparation of biphasic hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate foam using the replication technique”, Ceramics International, vol. 46, pp 22581–22591, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.019.

S. Ramezani, R. Emadia, M. Kharaziha, and F. Tavangarian, “Characterization and in vitro behavior of nanostructured diopside/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol.186, pp. 415-425, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.11.013.

C. Yang, K. L. Lin, and J. Chang, “A simple way to synthesize 3D hierarchical HAp porous microspheres with sustained drug release”, Ceramics International, vol. 41(9), pp. 11153–11160, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.064.

C. Mangano, A. Scarano, R. Martinetti, and L. Dolcini, “In vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite and carbonated hydroxyapatite fillers”, Key Engineering Materials, vol. 254-256, pp 829–832, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.829.

F.K.A., Nugraha, “Shrinkage of biocomposite material specimens [HA/bioplastic/serisin] printed using a 3D printer using the Taguchi method”. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies, vol. 4(1), pp. 89–96, 2022, https://doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v4i1.4205.

C. Li, F. Chen, B. Lin, C. Zhang, and C. Liu, “High content corn starch/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites with high-performance by physical–chemical dual compatibilization”, European Polymer Journal, vol. 159, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110737.

K. Yamaguchi, and S. Hashimoto, “Mechanism of densification of calcium carbonate by cold sintering process”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol.42, pp. 6048–6055, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.06.034.

C. Gao, H. Fan, J. Chen, D. Zheng, P. Zhu, and J. Zhu, “Novel β-TCP/HA biphasic calcium phosphate microspheres with porous surface structure prepared via a calcium carbonate template”, Materials Letters, vol. 320, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132313.

M.G. Ma, S. Liu, and L.H. Fu, “Calcium carbonate and cellulose/calcium carbonate composites: synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications”, Materials Science Forum, vol. 875, pp. 24-44, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.875.24.

W. Siriprom, N. Witit-anun, A. Choeysuppaket, and T. Ratana, “Characterization of cellulose/calcium carbonate biocomposite film”, Key Engineering Materials, vol. 675-676, pp 209-212, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.675-676.209.

M. R. Hamestera, P.S. Balzera, and D. Becker, “Characterization of calcium carbonate obtained from oyster and mussel shells and incorporation in polypropylene,” Materials Research, vol. 15(2): pp. 204-208, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392012005000014.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v7i12023001

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats