Influence of Different Nanoparticles on Thermophysical Properties and Wear Resistance of Corn Oil-Based Cutting Fluid in MQL-CNC Milling Machining

M. Nuril Anwar Habiby, Poppy Puspitasari, Aminnudin Aminnudin, Diki Dwi Pramono, Ahmad Atif Fikri, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali

Abstract


Vegetable oil-based cutting fluids have emerged as a promising innovation in machining operations, supporting the advancement of sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing practices. This study delves into the development of a biolubricant derived from corn oil, enriched with 0.15% mass fractions of various nanoparticles, including calcium carbonate (CaCO3), copper oxide (CuO), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). These nano-cutting fluids were applied through the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) method during CNC milling of AISI 1045 steel. The investigation focused on evaluating thermophysical properties, including density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity, as well as tool wear performance. The results demonstrated that CuO nanoparticles yielded the highest density, while MWCNT exhibited superior thermal conductivity and viscosity. Among all samples, the fluid with MWCNT showed the most effective performance in minimizing tool wear. This study highlights the potential of nanoparticle-enriched vegetable-based cutting fluids as high-performance, environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional mineral oil-based lubricants, promoting greener machining in the manufacturing industry.

Keywords


Corn oil, CNC milling, MQL, nano-cutting fluid, thermophysics, wear resistance.

Full Text:

PDF

References


K.C. Yao, D.C. Chen, C.H. Pan, and C.L. Lin, “The development trends of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool technology,” Journal Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 13, 2024.

S. Du, “Analysis of the application of intelligent CNC technology in machinery manufacturing,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2649, no. 1, 2023.

J. Singh, S.S. Gill, M. Dogra, and R. Singh, “A review on cutting fluids used in machining processes,” Engineering Research Express, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021.

A.H. Abdelrazek, I.A. Choudhury, Y. Nukman, and S.N. Kazi, “Metal cutting lubricants and cutting tools: a Review on the performance improvement and sustainability assessment,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 106, no. 9–10, pp. 4221–4245, 2020.

R.S. Rathee, “Review of cutting fluid technologies in machining processes,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1450–1454, 2024.

S. Debnath, M.M. Reddy, and Q.S. Yi, “Influence of cutting fluid conditions and cutting parameters on surface roughness and tool wear in turning process using Taguchi method,” Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, vol. 78, pp. 111–119, 2016.

N. Madanchi, D. Kurle, M. Winter, S. Thiede, and C. Herrmann, “Energy efficient process chain: The impact of cutting fluid strategies,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 29, no. December, pp. 360–365, 2015.

A. Roman, T. Fatima, S. Wakeel, M. Umer, M. Asif, and S. Ameen, “Nanochemistry: Exploring the transformative world of nanomaterials and their applications,” International Journal of Thermal Technologies, vol. 13, no. 01, pp. 1–11, 2023.

N. Baig, I. Kammakakam, and W. Falath, “Nanomaterials: A review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges,” Materials Advances, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1821–1871, 2021.

R.K. Singh, A.K. Sharma, A.R. Dixit, A. Mandal, and A.K. Tiwari, “Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanoparticles mixed cutting fluids,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 8587–8596, 2017.

C. Sabarinathan, N. Manikandan, V.P. Sureshkumar, S.S. Murugan, and G. Rathis, “Effect on tool life by addition of nanoparticles with the cutting fluid,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 2940–2954, 2020.

J.E. Manikanta, B.N. Raju, B.S.S. Phanisankar, M. Rajesh, and T.K. Kotteda, “Nanoparticle enriched cutting fluids in metal cutting operation: A review,” Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, no. March, pp. 147–156, 2023.

D. Panjaya, A. Ginting, and D.Y. Nasution, “A review: The use of nanoparticles in cutting fluid as an effort to improve the performance of hard machining in sustainable MQL systems,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1003, no. 1, 2020.

Y.M. Shashidhara and S.R. Jayaram, “Vegetable oils as a potential cutting fluid-An evolution,” Tribology International, vol. 43, no. 5–6, pp. 1073–1081, 2010.

R.A. Kazeem, D.A. Fadare, O.M. Ikumapayi, A.A. Adediran, S.J. Aliyu, Akinlabi et al., “Advances in the application of vegetable-oil-based cutting fluids to sustainable machining operations—A review,” Lubricants, vol. 10, no. 69, 2022.

R. Sankaranarayanan, R.J. Hines, S. Kumar, and G.M. Krolczyk, “A comprehensive review on research developments of vegetable-oil based cutting fluids for sustainable machining challenges,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 67, no. July, pp. 286–313, 2021.

I.S. Afonso, G. Nobrega, R. Lima, J.R. Gomes, and J.E. Ribeiro, “Conventional and recent advances of vegetable oils as metalworking fluids (MWFs): A review,” Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 4, 2023.

S. Ekinovic, H. Prcanovic, and E. Begovic, “Investigation of influence of MQL machining parameters on cutting forces during MQL turning of carbon steel St52-3,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 132, pp. 608–614, 2015.

A. Ruggiero, R. D’Amato, M. Merola, P. Valášek, and M. Müller, “On the tribological performance of vegetal lubricants: Experimental investigation on Jatropha Curcas L. oil,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 149, no. June, pp. 431–437, 2016.

R. Teti, D.M. D’Addona, and T. Segreto, “Microbial-based cutting fluids as bio-integration manufacturing solution for green and sustainable machining,” Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 32, pp. 16–25, 2021.

Ç.V. Yıldırım, Ş. Şirin, T. Kıvak, H. Ercan, and M. Sarıkaya, “An attempt towards green machining of Ni-based hastelloy C4 alloy: Effect of vegetable oils and their combination with TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles on outputs,” Sustainable Materials and Technologies, vol. 37, no. June, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00668.

K. Zadafiya, P. Shah, A. Shokrani, and N. Khanna, “Recent advancements in nano-lubrication strategies for machining processes considering their health and environmental impacts,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 68, no. PA, pp. 481–511, 2021.

T.P. Gundarneeya and D.P. Vakharia, “Performance analysis of journal bearing operating on nanolubricants with TiO2, CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles as lubricant additives,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 5624–5630, 2021.

M.Z. Abdullah, K.H. Yu, H.Y. Loh, R. Kamarudin, P. Gunnasegaran, and A. Alkhwaji, “Influence of nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids of different volume fractions,” Nanomaterials, vol. 12, no. 15, 2022.

H. Hegab, U. Umer, M. Soliman, and H.A. Kishawy, “Effects of nano-cutting fluids on tool performance and chip morphology during machining Inconel 718,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 96, no. 9–12, pp. 3449–3458, 2018.

A. Chu, C. Li, Z. Zhou, B. Liu, Y. Zhang, M. Yang et al., "Nanofluids Minimal Quantity Lubrication Machining: From Mechanisms to Application," Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 422. 2023.

A.R.I. Ali and B. Salam, “A Review on nanofluid: Preparation, stability, thermophysical properties, heat transfer characteristics and application,” Journal SN Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 1–17, 2020.

H.M. Ali, H. Babar, T.R. Shah, M.U. Sajid, M.A. Qasim, and S. Javed, “Preparation techniques of TiO2 nanofluids and challenges: A review,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 8, no. 4, 2018.

A.S. Al-Janabi, M. Hussin, M.Z. Abdullah, and M.A. Ismail, “Effect of CTAB surfactant on the stability and thermal conductivity of mono and hybrid systems of graphene and FMWCNT nanolubricant,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 648, no. April, p. 129275, 2022.

M.F. Ismail, W.H. Azmi, R. Mamat, K.V. Sharma, and H.M. Ali, “Extensive stability assessment of TiO2/polyvinyl ether nanolubricant with physical homogenization,” Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 2, 2023.

A.K. Sharma, A.K. Tiwari, and A.R. Dixit, “Effects of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in machining processes using conventional and nanofluid based cutting fluids: A comprehensive review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 127, pp. 1–18, 2016.

M. Gupta, V. Singh, R. Kumar, and Z. Said, “A review on thermophysical properties of nanofluids and heat transfer applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 74, no. February, pp. 638–670, 2017.

S.S.J. Aravind and S. Ramaprabhu, “Graphene wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed nanofluids for heat transfer applications,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 112, no. 12, 2012.

P. Puspitasari, A.A. Permanasari, M.I.H.C. Abdullah, I.A. Habibi, and D.D. Pramono, “A comparative study on stability, thermal conductivity, and rheological properties of nanolubricant using carbon-based additive,” Jurnal Tribologi, vol. 42, no. November 2023, pp. 33–48, 2024.

A. Eltaggaz, S. Ali, K. Badwal, and I. Deiab, “Influence of nanoparticle concentration in nanofluid MQL on cutting forces, tool wear, chip morphology when milling of Inconel 718,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 129, no. 3–4, pp. 1787–1800, 2023.

N.F. Azman and S. Samion, “Dispersion stability and lubrication mechanism of nanolubricants: A review,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 393–414, 2019.

A. Kotia, G.K. Ghosh, I. Srivastava, P. Deval, and S.K. Ghosh, “Mechanism for improvement of friction/wear by using Al2O3 and SiO2/Gear oil nanolubricants,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 782, pp. 592–599, 2019.

A. Kotia and S.K. Ghosh, “Experimental analysis for rheological properties of aluminium oxide (Al2O3)/Gear oil (SAE EP-90) nanolubricant used in HEMM,” Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 600–605, 2015.

H. Babar and H.M. Ali, “Towards hybrid nanofluids: Preparation, thermophysical properties, applications, and challenges,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 281, pp. 598–633, 2019.

K. Apmann, R. Fulmer, A. Soto, and S. Vafaei, “Thermal conductivity and viscosity: Review and optimization of effects of nanoparticles,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1–75, 2021.

Z. Said, S.M.A. Rahman, M.A. Sohail, and B.S. Bibin, “Analysis of thermophysical properties and performance of nanorefrigerants and nanolubricant-refrigerant mixtures in refrigeration systems,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 49, no. March, p. 103274, 2023.

M.Z. Sharif, W.H. Azmi, M.F. Ghazali, N.N.M. Zawawi, and T.Y. Hendrawati, “Stability and thermal conductivity of mono and hybrid nanoparticles dispersion in double-end capped PAG lubricant,” Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 1, 2023.

Z. Lyu, A. Asadi, I.M. Alarifi, V. Ali, and L.K. Foong, “Thermal and Fluid dynamics performance of MWCNT-water nanofluid based on thermophysical properties: An experimental and theoretical study,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2020.

N.M. Saidi, M.N. Norizan, N. Abdullah, N. Janudin, N.A.M. Kasim, M.J. Osman et al., “Characterizations of MWCNTs nanofluids on the effect of surface oxidative treatments,” Nanomaterials, vol. 12, no. 7, 2022.

M. Khalili Najafabadi, K. Hriczó, and G. Bognár, “Enhancing the heat transfer in CuO-MWCNT oil hybrid nanofluid flow in a pipe,” Journal of Results in Physics, vol. 64, no. July, 2024.

A. Kotia, P. Rajkhowa, G.S. Rao, and S.K. Ghosh, “Thermophysical and Tribological properties of nanolubricants: A review,” Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 3493–3508, 2018.

V. Kumaresan and R. Velraj, “Experimental investigation of the thermo-physical properties of water-ethylene glycol mixture based CNT nanofluids,” Journal Thermochimica Acta, vol. 545, pp. 180–186, 2012.

H.M. Mobarak, E.N. Mohamad, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, K.A.H. Al Mahmud, M. Habibullah, and A.M. Ashraful, “The prospects of biolubricants as alternatives in automotive applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 33, pp. 34–43, 2014.

A. Haldar, A. Kotia, N. Kumar, and S.K. Ghosh, “Enhancing the tribological properties of hydraulic oil-based nanolubricants using MWCNT-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1–13, 2022.

W. Safiei, M.M. Rahman, R. Kulkarni, M.N. Ariffin, and Z.A.A. Malek, “A comprehensive review on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids,” Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 15–40, 2022.

K. Szwajka, M. Szewczyk, and J. Zieli, “The effect of the addition of silicon dioxide particles on the tribological performance of vegetable oils in HCT600X + Z / 145Cr46 steel contacts in the deep-drawing process,” Materials, vol. 18, no. 73, 2025.

S.Z. Heris, H. Pourpasha, Y. Mohammadfam, R. Javadpoura, Y. Li, and B. Su, “Experimental investigation of the thermophysical and tribological properties of nano-TiO2-MnO2-doped graphene oxide/base oil ternary hybrid nanofluids,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2024.

H. Hegab, U. Umer, M. Soliman, and H.A. Kishawy, “Effects of nano-cutting fluids on tool performance and chip morphology during machining Inconel 718,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 96, no. 9–12, pp. 3449–3458, 2018.

J.S. Agapiou, “Performance evaluation of cutting fluids with carbon nano-onions as lubricant additives,” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 26, pp. 1429–1440, 2018.

R. Surakasi, S. Raja, V. Praveenkumar, Y. Ravikant, M.A. Rusho, S. Sharma et al., “Enhanced tribological performance of transesterified corn oil biodiesel blends with CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles: Experimental analysis on wear and friction reduction using environment friendly lubricants,” International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2024.

S. Tiwari, M.A. Munish, K. Gupta, and M.A. Makhesana, “Performance assessment of nano ‑ Al2O3 enriched coconut oil as a cutting fluid in MQL ‑ assisted machining of AISI ‑ 1040 steel,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 129, pp. 1689–1702, 2023.

X. Bai, C. Li, L. Dong, and Q. Yin, “Experimental evaluation of the lubrication performances of different nanofluids for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in milling Ti-6Al-4V,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 101, no. 9–12, pp. 2621–2632, 2019.

G. Zhang, J. Zhang, G. Fan, C. Xu, and J. Du, “The effect of chip formation on the cutting force and tool wear in high-speed milling Inconel 718,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, no. 0123456789, 2023.

M. Li, T. Yu, R. Zhang, L. Yang, H. Li, and W. Wang, “MQL milling of TC4 alloy by dispersing graphene into vegetable oil-based cutting fluid,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 99, no. 5–8, pp. 1735–1753, 2018.

N. S. Ross, M. Ganesh, M.B.J. Ananth, M. Kumar, R. Rai, M.K. Gupta, and M.E. Korkmaz, “Development and potential use of MWCNT suspended in vegetable oil as a cutting fluid in machining of Monel 400,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 382, no. April, p. 121853, 2023.

Z.H. Sholiha and G. Jatisukamto, “Characteristics biolubricant enriched with nanoparticle additives: A review,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 91–100, 2020, doi: 10.17977/um016v4i22020p091.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v9i12025p075

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats