ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS IMUNISASI DASAR LENGKAP PADA BAYI DI DESA MANGUNREJO KECAMATAN NGADILUWIH KABUPATEN KEDIRI TAHUN 2018
Abstract
ABSTRAK : Imunisasi merupakan upaya pencegahan primer yang efektif untuk mencegah terjangkitnya penyakit infeksi yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Program Pengembangan Imunisasi (PPI) telah dicanangkan oleh WHO sejak tahun 1974 dengan tujuh penyakit target yaitu difteri, tetanus, pertusis, polio, campak, tuberkulosis, dan hepatitis B. Cakupan imunisasi yang rendah menjadi indikator terjadinya kematian akibat PD3I. Oleh karena itu salah satu program yang telah terbukti efektif untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat PD3I adalah imunisasi. Hal ini sejalan dengan kesepakatan MDG’s, dimana untuk mencapai penurunan angka kematian bayi ditandai dengan peningkatan cakupan imunisasi terutama dilihat dari angka cakupan imunisasi campak (WHO, 2008). Hal itu dikarenakan campak adalah imunisasi yang terakhir untuk imunisasi dasar dan merupakan imunisasi yang cukup jauh jaraknya dari imunisasi sebelumnya (yaitu polio 4 pada usia 4 bulan dan campak pada usia 9 bulan) sehingga dapat menjadi indikator tercapainya kondisi Universal Child Immunization (UCI). Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan bagi pengembangan penelitian terutama dalam ilmu kesehatan masyarakat. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menekan terjangkitnya penyakit dan menekan angka resiko kematian bayi. Sehingga pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi di Desa Mangunrejo Kecamatan Ngadiluwih Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai pada bulan Februari s/d Mei 2018. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi umur 12 s/d 24 bulan yang bersedia menjadi responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Squere. Hasil penelitian di desa Mangunrejo Kecamatan Ngadiluwih Kabupaten Kediri menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap bayi dengan p value sebesar 0,013 < (0,05) , Adanya hubungan antara status pekerjaan ibu dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap bayi dengan p value sebesar 0,019 < 𝛼 (0,05) dan Adanya hubungan antara pendapatan keluarga dengan status imunisasi dasar lengkap bayi dengan p value sebesar 0,004 < 𝛼 (0,05).
Kata kunci: imunisasi dasar
ABSTRACT : Immunization is considered as an effective primary prevention to some certain infectious diseases effectively. WHO has established Immunization Development Program (IDP) since 1974 with seven kinds of disease as the targets: diphtheria, tetanus, pertusis, polio, measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis B. Low immunization coverage has become the indicator of the mortality occurance as the result of PD3I. Thus, one of the programs which has been proved effectively in decreasing both sickness and mortality caused by PD3I is immunization. It conforms to the MDG’s agreement in which it is stated that in order to reach desreasing number of infant mortality is marked by the increasing immunization coverage, especially by the measles immunization coverage numbers (WHO, 2008). Since the measles immunization is the last basic one given to the babies and which has the longest space from the former ones (polio 4, given to the age of 4 months, while measles is given to the age of 9 months) it can be taken as the indicator that the condition of universal child immunization has been fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to improve the knowledge in research development, especially knowledge of public health. This is also aimed to minimize the risk of infant mortality. And, as the result, public health level can be improved. The significance of this study to find out factors related to the status of complete basic immunization for infants in Mangunrejo village, Ngadiluwih District, Kediri Regency. This research has been carried out since February to May 2018. Samples in this research are mothers with 12-24 months-baby as the respondents. The data analysis used here is Chi Squere Test. The result of the research in Mangunrejo village shows that there is relationship between the immunization status with mothers’ background. Educated mothers shows p value 0.013 < 𝛼 (0.05) has had their babies given a complete basic immunization, and working mothers shows p value 0.019 < 𝛼 (0.05), while family income shows p value 0.004 < 𝛼 (0,05).
Key words :basic immunization
Kata kunci: imunisasi dasar
ABSTRACT : Immunization is considered as an effective primary prevention to some certain infectious diseases effectively. WHO has established Immunization Development Program (IDP) since 1974 with seven kinds of disease as the targets: diphtheria, tetanus, pertusis, polio, measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis B. Low immunization coverage has become the indicator of the mortality occurance as the result of PD3I. Thus, one of the programs which has been proved effectively in decreasing both sickness and mortality caused by PD3I is immunization. It conforms to the MDG’s agreement in which it is stated that in order to reach desreasing number of infant mortality is marked by the increasing immunization coverage, especially by the measles immunization coverage numbers (WHO, 2008). Since the measles immunization is the last basic one given to the babies and which has the longest space from the former ones (polio 4, given to the age of 4 months, while measles is given to the age of 9 months) it can be taken as the indicator that the condition of universal child immunization has been fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to improve the knowledge in research development, especially knowledge of public health. This is also aimed to minimize the risk of infant mortality. And, as the result, public health level can be improved. The significance of this study to find out factors related to the status of complete basic immunization for infants in Mangunrejo village, Ngadiluwih District, Kediri Regency. This research has been carried out since February to May 2018. Samples in this research are mothers with 12-24 months-baby as the respondents. The data analysis used here is Chi Squere Test. The result of the research in Mangunrejo village shows that there is relationship between the immunization status with mothers’ background. Educated mothers shows p value 0.013 < 𝛼 (0.05) has had their babies given a complete basic immunization, and working mothers shows p value 0.019 < 𝛼 (0.05), while family income shows p value 0.004 < 𝛼 (0,05).
Key words :basic immunization
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um044v3i2p148-152
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