Survival Analysis of Brain Tumor Patients: One Year after Surgery

Tika Dwi Tama; Nada Syifa; Erni Astutik

doi:10.17977/um044v10i12025p7-15

Survival Analysis of Brain Tumor Patients: One Year after Surgery

Tika Dwi Tama, Nada Syifa, Erni Astutik

Abstract

Surgery is the most performed procedure to treat brain tumors. However, information about the survival of brain tumor patients after undergoing surgery is still limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine 1 year survival in brain tumor patients after undergoing surgical procedures and factors associated with patient survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in March until April 2023 with subjects of 46 brain tumor patients who were registered at the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital and underwent surgical procedures in 2018 until 2022. Data on respondent characteristics (gender and age), clinical conditions (tumor location, stage, and tumor classification), date of surgery, and date of death were obtained from medical records. Kaplan Meier was used to determine the 1 year survival of brain tumor patients after surgery, while Cox Proportional Hazard Regression was used to determine factors associated with its survival. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that 1 year survival in post-operative brain tumor patients reached 80.5 percent. Secondary tumor was known to increase the risk of death in post-operative brain tumor patients (aHR 11.432; 95 percent CI 1.394 until 93.767). There was no significant relationship found between sex, age, tumor location, and tumor stage with brain tumor patients’s survival (p-value more than 0.05). Identification of tumor classification needs to be done correctly and as early as possible so that the patient's prognosis becomes better. The therapeutic approach needs to pay attention to the condition of each patient, especially in cases of secondary brain tumors.

Keywords

Brain tumor; patient; post-operative; surgery; survival

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aninditha, T., Pratama, P. Y., Sofyan, H. R., Imran, D., Estiasari, R., Octaviana, F., Iskandar, M. M., Odilo, J., Werdhani, R. A., Aman, R. A., & Ranakusuma, T. A. S. (2021). Adults brain tumor in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital: A descriptive epidemiology. Romanian Journal of Neurology/ Revista Romana de Neurologie, 20(4), 480–484. https://doi.org/10.37897/RJN.2021.4.13

Aninditha, T., Tanjung, G., Andayani, D. E., Aman, R. A., Estiasari, R., Yanuar, A., & Sofyan, H. R. (2022). Gambaran status gizi penderita tumor otak primer dan metastasis serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Majalah Kedokteran Neurosains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia, 39(3), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.52386/neurona.v39i3.280

Arania, R., Alfarisi, R., Rukmono, P., & Mustaghfirin, M. F. (2022). Karakteristik pasien kanker anak berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan jenis-jenis kanker di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Tahun 2021. Jurnal Medika Malahayati, 7(2).

Bonosi, L., Marrone, S., Benigno, U. E., Buscemi, F., Musso, S., Porzio, M., Silven, M. P., Torregrossa, F., & Grasso, G. (2023). Maximal safe resection in glioblastoma surgery: a systematic review of advanced intraoperative image-guided techniques. In Brain Sciences (Vol. 13, Issue 2). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020216

Chambless, L. B., Kistka, H. M., Parker, S. L., Hassam-Malani, L., McGirt, M. J., & Thompson, R. C. (2015). The relative value of postoperative versus preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale scores as a predictor of survival after surgical resection of glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 121(2), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1640-x

D’Andrea, G., Palombi, L., Minniti, G., Pesce, A., & Marchetti, P. (2017). Brain metastases: Surgical treatment and overall survival. World Neurosurgery, 97, 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.054

Danjuma, S., Dauda, H. A., Kene, A. I., Akau, K. S., & Jinjiri, I. N. (2022). Profile and outcome of management of brain tumours in Kaduna Northwestern Nigeria. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 65(5), 751–757. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2021.0071

Diansari, Y., Syafiera, H., Anggraeni, D., & Asfitriani, A. (2022). Karakteristik tumor sistem saraf pusat di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya, 9(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.32539/jkk.v9i2.16938

Ene, C. I., & Ferguson, S. D. (2022). Surgical management of brain metastasis: Challenges and nuances. Frontiers in Oncology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.847110

Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Laversanne, M., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., I, S., & F, B. (2024). Global cancer observatory: Cancer Today. rom:

Frappaz, D., Bonneville-Levard, A., Ricard, D., Carrie, S., Schiffler, C., Xuan, K. H., & Weller, M. (2021). Assessment of Karnofsky (KPS) and WHO (WHO-PS) performance scores in brain tumour patients: The role of clinician bias. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29(4), 1883–1891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05663-y

Girardi, F., Matz, M., Stiller, C., You, H., Gragera, R. M., Valkov, M. Y., Bulliard, J. L., De, P., Morrison, D., Wanner, M., O’Brian, D. K., Saint-Jacques, N., Coleman, M. P., Allemani, C., Bouzbid, S., Hamdi-Chérif, M., Kara, L., Meguenni, K., Regagba, D., … Lewis, C. (2023). Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: Analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3). Neuro-Oncology, 25(3), 580–592. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac217

Gunawan, P. Y., Islam, A., July, J., Patellongi, I., Nasrum, M., & Aninditha, T. (2020). Karnofsky performance scale and neurological assessment of neuro-oncology scale as early predictor in glioma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(11), 3387–3392. https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.11.3387

Ilic, I., & Ilic, M. (2023). International patterns and trends in the brain cancer incidence and mortality: An observational study based on the global burden of disease. Heliyon, 9(e18222). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18222

Kabashneh, S., Alkassis, S., Shanah, L., & Alkofahi, A. A. (2020). Venous thromboembolism in patients with brain cancer: Focus on prophylaxis and management. Cureus, 12(6), e8771. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8771

Kim, C.-W., Joo, J.-D., Kim, Y.-H., Han, J. H., & Kim, C.-Y. (2016). Health-related quality of life in brain tumor patients treated with surgery: Preliminary result of a single institution. Brain Tumor Research and Treatment, 4(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2016.4.2.87

Kim, J., Kim, M. M., & Starkey, L. J. (2018). A primer on secondary brain neoplasms: The essentials. Seminars in Roentgenology, 53(1), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ro.2017.11.008

Królikowska, A., Filipska-Blejder, K., Jabłońska, R., Haor, B., Antczak-Komoterska, A., Biercewicz, M., Grzelak, L., Harat, M., & Ślusarz, R. (2022). Quality of life after surgical treatment of brain tumors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(3733). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133733

Kumar, M., Noronha, S., Rangaraj, N., Moiyadi, A., Shetty, P., & Singh, V. K. (2022). Choice of intraoperative ultrasound adjuncts for brain tumor surgery. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 22(307). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02046-7

Löfgren, D., Valachis, A., & Olivecrona, M. (2022). Risk for morbidity and mortality after neurosurgery in older patients with high grade gliomas – a retrospective population based study. BMC Geriatrics, 22(805). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03478-6

Niedermeyer, S., Schmutzer-Sondergeld, M., Weller, J., Katzendobler, S., Kirchleitner, S., Forbrig, R., Harter, P. N., Baumgarten, L. V, Schichor, C., Stoecklein, V., & Thon, N. (2024). Neurosurgical resection of multiple brain metastases: Outcomes, complications, and survival rates in a retrospective analysis. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 169, 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-024-04744-w

of Health Republic Indonesia, M. (2023). Buku panduan penemuan dini kanker pada anak. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Pace, A., Koekkoek, J. A. F., van den Bent, M. J., Bulbeck, H. J., Fleming, J., Grant, R., Golla, H., Henriksson, R., Kerrigan, S., Marosi, C., Oberg, I., Oberndorfer, S., Oliver, K., Pasman, H. W. R., Rhun, E. Le, Rooney, A. G., Rudà, R., Veronese, S., Walbert, T., … Dirven, L. (2020). Determining medical decision-making capacity in brain tumor patients: Why and how? Neuro-Oncology Practice, 7(6), 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaa040

Patel, A. P., Fisher, J. L., Nichols, E., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Abdelalim, A., Abraha, H. N., Agius, D., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Allen, C. A., Anber, N. H., Awasthi, A., Badali, H., Belachew, A. B., Bijani, A., Bjørge, T., Carvalho, F., Catalá-López, F., … Fitzmaurice, C. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of brain and other CNS cancer, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology, 18(4), 376–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30468-X

Perkins, A., & Liu, G. (2016). Primary brain tumors in adults: Diagnosis and treatment. American Family Physician, 93(3), 211–217. www.aafp.org/afp

Phillips, K. R., Filippidis, A., Mackel, C. E., Enriquez-Marulanda, A., & Vega, R. A. (2023). Octogenarian brain tumor registry: Single-institution surgical outcomes and mortality study. Brain Tumor Research and Treatment, 11(2), 114–122. https://doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2023.0007

Pichaivel, M., Anbumani, G., Theivendren, P., & Gopal, M. (2022). An overview of brain tumor. In Brain Tumors (Vol. 23, Issue 8). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab106

Rahmat, R. F., Wijaya, R. M., Faza, S., Nababan, E. B., & Nadi, F. (2021). Classification of primary and secondary brain tumor using extreme learning machine. 2021 International Conference on Data Science, Artificial Inteligence, and Business Analytics (DATABIA), 101–105.

Rahmawaty, S. F., Kusumadjati, A., & Utama, M. S. (2024). Profile of primary brain tumor patients who received radiotherapy at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2020-2021. Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 18(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v18i2.1006

Sánchez-Sánchez, L. M., Vázquez-Moreno, J., Heredia-Delgado, J. A., & Sevilla-Castillo, R. (2016). Clinical presentation of supratentorial and infratentorial intracranial tumors in pediatric patients. Gaceta Medica de Mexico, 152, 138. www.anmm.org.mx

Tang, V., Rathbone, M., Dorsay, J. P., Jiang, S., & Harvey, D. (2008). Rehabilitation in primary and metastatic brain tumours: Impact of functional outcomes on survival. Journal of Neurology, 255(6), 820–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-008-0695-z

Torp, S. H., Solheim, O., & Skjulsvik, A. J. (2022). The WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumours: A practical update on what neurosurgeons need to know—a minireview. Acta Neurochirurgica, 164, 2453–2464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-022-05301-y

Winther, R. R., Hjermstad, M. J., Skovlund, E., Aass, N., Helseth, E., Kaasa, S., Yri, O. E., & Vik-Mo, E. O. (2022). Surgery for brain metastases—impact of the extent of resection. Acta Neurochirurgica, 164, 2773–2780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-05104-7

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um044v10i12025p7-15