Mental Toughness and Its Relationship on Sport Performance Outcomes: When Things Get Tough Enough

Moh. Bisri; Maudy Awanda Saputri; Tutut Chusniyah

doi:10.17977/um023v11i22022p172-180

Mental Toughness and Its Relationship on Sport Performance Outcomes: When Things Get Tough Enough

Moh. Bisri, Maudy Awanda Saputri, Tutut Chusniyah

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan prestasi atletik di Kota Malang. Pemilihan partisipan penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan karakteristik sampel: atlet yang terdaftar di KONI Malang dan memiliki prestasi satu, dua, tiga, atau semifinal pada kejuaraan tingkat provinsi. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 124 atlet dari berbagai cabang olahraga. Data diambil dengan menggunakan skala Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) dari Sheard et al. (2009) yang terdiri dari 14 item yang diadaptasi oleh peneliti menggunakan prosedur adaptasi instrumen. Sementara itu, data prestasi olahraga diperoleh dari hasil pertandingan peringkat satu, dua, dan tiga pada kejuaraan Pekan Olahraga Provinsi (PORPROV) Jawa Timur VI. Seluruh item pada skala SMTQ dinyatakan valid dengan nilai validitas 0,371–0,735 dan reliabilitas 0,697. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi non-parametrik Spearman’s rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara ketangguhan mental dengan prestasi olahraga pada atlet di Kota Malang dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,858 yang berarti tingkat hubungan antar variabel sangat kuat. Disarankan kepada atlet dan pelatih agar lebih memperhatikan aspek psikologis mulai dari latihan hingga pasca-pertandingan untuk hasil yang maksimal dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melakukan kajian yang lebih luas dengan menguji variabel psikologis lain yang juga mempengaruhi prestasi olahraga.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adisasmito, L. (2007). Mental Juara Modal Atlet Berprestasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Baker, J., & Sedgwick, W. (2005). Sport Psychology Library: Triathlon. Morgantown: Fitness Info Tech, West Virginia University.

Coulter, T. J., Mallett, C. J., & Singer, J. A. (2016). A Subculture of Mental Toughness in an Australian Football League Club. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.007

Cowden, R. G. (2016). Competitive Performance Correlates of Mental Toughness in Tennis: A Preliminary Analysis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 123(1), 341–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516659902

Cowden, R. G. (2017). Mental Toughness and Success in Sport: A Review and Prospect. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X01710010001

Cowden, R. G., Mascret, N., & Duckett, T. R. (2021). A Person-Centered Approach to Achievement Goal Orientations in Competitive Tennis Players: Associations With Motivation and Mental Toughness. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.10.001

Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J., & Feltz, D. L. (2003). The Relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 44–65. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.1.44

Drees, M. J., & Mack, M. G. (2012). An Examination of Mental Toughness over the Course of a Competitive Season. Journal of Sport Behavior, 35(4), 377–386.

Elemiri, A., & Aly, A. (2014). Mental Toughness and Its Relationship to the Achievement Level of the Weightlifters in Egypt. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.15314/TJSE.201428107

Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Perry, J. L., Pühse, U., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2013). Are Adolescents With High Mental Toughness Levels More Resilient Against Stress? Stress and Health, 29(2), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2447

Ghosh, B. (2014). Assessment of Mental Toughness among High and Low Achievers of State Level Yoga Competitors: A Comparative Study. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, IV(IV), 278–283.

Gill, D. L., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. J. (2017). Psychological Dynamics of Sport and Exercise (4th ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.

Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482

Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Australian Football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(3), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200801998556

Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The Concept of Mental Toughness: Tests of Dimensionality, Nomological Network, and Traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079

Hardy, L., Bell, J., & Beattie, S. (2014). A Neuropsychological Model of Mentally Tough Behavior. Journal of Personality, 82(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12034

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-Talk and Sports Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136

Herani, I., & Dirgantari, I. C. (2018). Mental Toughness dengan Peak Performance pada Atlet Renang. Interaktif: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 10(2), Article 2.

Herman. (2011). Psikologi Olahraga. Jurnal ILARA, 11(2), 1–7.

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What Is This Thing Called Mental Toughness? An Investigation of Elite Sport Performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509

Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A Framework of Mental Toughness in the World’s Best Performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.2.243

Lismadiana. (2021). Manajemen Pembinaan Atlet Berbakat (PAB) Cabang Olahraga Bulutangkis Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jorpres (Jurnal Olahraga Prestasi), 17(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.21831/jorpres.v17i2.43236

McGeown, S., St. Clair-Thompson, H., & Putwain, D. W. (2018). The Development and Validation of a Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(2), 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916673512

Raynadi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2017). Hubungan Ketangguhan Mental dengan Kecemasan Bertanding pada Atlet Pencak Silat di Banjarbaru. Jurnal Ecopsy, 3(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v3i3.2665

Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition Anxiety, Motivation, and Mental Toughness in Golf. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219

Sheard, M., Golby, J., & van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress Toward Construct Validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.3.186

Singh, J., Dureja, G., & Singh, S. (2012). A Cross Sectional Analysis of Mental Toughness and Will to Win Among Elite Football Players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 6(4), 285–296.

Syafruddin. (2013). Ilmu Kepelatihan Olahraga dan Aplikasinya dalam Pembinaan Olahraga. Padang: UNP Press.

Teshome, B., Mengistu, S., & Beker, G. (2015). The Relationship between Personality Trait and Sport Performance: The Case of National League Football Clubs in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 11, 25–32.

Thomas, P. R., & Over, R. (1994). Psychological and Psychomotor Skills Associated With Performance in Golf. The Sport Psychologist, 8, 73–86.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um023v11i22022p172-180