Transfer Negatif dalam Pemerolehan Bahasa Indonesia sebagai Bahasa Ketiga Mahasiswa BIPA Unesa Angkatan 2015

Abstract

Kata kunci: transfer negatif, pemerolehan bahasa ketiga, mahasiswa BIPA.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) transfer-negatif leksikal, (2) transfer-negatif morfologis, (3) transfer-negatif sintaksis, dan (4) faktor yang memengaruhi transfer negatif dalam pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia sebagai B-3 mahasiswa BIPA Unesa angkatan 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah lima mahasiswa BIPA angkatan 2015. Data penelitian berupa transfer-negatif di dalam kata dan kalimat, baik pada bahasa lisan maupun tulisan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah tuturan dan tulisan mahasiswa BIPA Unesa angkatan 2015. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik simak libat cakap, teknik wawancara, teknik rekam, teknik catat, teknik penugasan, dan teknik dokumentasi dengan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa teks berita, daftar topik percakapan, pedoman wawancara, alat perekam, lembar catatan lapangan, kosakata dan dokumen hasil kerja. Penganalisisan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik HBB. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan (1) transfer-negatif leksikal yang terdiri dari tiga kelas kata, yaitu kelas nomina, verba dan adjektiva. (2) Transfer-negatif morfologis muncul berupa penghilangan prefiks meN- pada verba dan penambahan prefiks meN- pada verba berkonfiks meN-kan. (3) Transfer-negatif sintaksis muncul berdasarkan penyusunan frasa dan struktur kalimat. (4) faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya transfer negatif dalam pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia sebagai B-3 meliputi faktor (a) psikotipologi, (b) kemampuan dan tingkat masukan di lingkungan pebelajar, (c) penguasaan dimensi kompetensi leksikal, ukuran kosakata dan organisasi kosakata berkembang sebagai kemampuan pebelajar.

Key words: Negative Transfer, a third language acquisition, BIPA students.

This research aims to describe (1) lexical negative-transfers, (2) morphological negative-transfers, (3) syntactic negative-transfers, and (4) factors influencing the negative transfers in the Indonesian language acquisition as the third language of BIPA students in Unesa 2015. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Subjects numbered five students of BIPA 2015.  Research data were negative transfers in the words and sentences, either in spoken or written language. The data sources of this research were speech and writing class students of  BIPA Unesa 2015.  The collection of research data used the techniques involving free refer capably, ably involved refer techniques, interview techniques, recording techniques, note techniques, assignment techniques and documentation techniques with instruments of the news text, a list of conversation topics, interview guides, recorders, sheet field notes, vocabulary and document of the work. Analyzing research data was done by using circuit techniques to distinguish appeal. Based on the analysis of research data, it was found that there were negative transfers: (1) lexical  negative-transfers consisting of three classes: nouns, verbs and adjectives, (2) morphological negative-transfers appearing in the form of removal prefixes meN- the verb and addition of prefixes on the verb confixs men-kan. (3) syntactic negative-transfers  arising based on compilation of phrases and sentence structure. (4) factors that affect the occurrence of negative transfers in the acquisition of Indonesian as a third language factors include (a) psikotipologi, (b) the ability and level of input in the learners, (c) control of the dimensions of competence lexical, vocabulary size and organization of the vocabulary evolved as the ability learners.