Pengaruh Servant Leadership dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Efektivitas Kerja Guru dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening di Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah Pertama Kecamatan Kaubun

Nur Haryanti; Nurlaili Nurlaili; Azainil Azainil; Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman; Laili Komariyah; Warman Warman

Pengaruh Servant Leadership dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Efektivitas Kerja Guru dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening di Sekolah Dasar dan Menengah Pertama Kecamatan Kaubun

Nur Haryanti, Nurlaili Nurlaili, Azainil Azainil, Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman, Laili Komariyah, Warman Warman

Abstract

Abstract: The demand to improve the quality of education at the elementary and junior high school levels has made teacher work effectiveness a critical indicator of institutional success. In this context, the principal's leadership and the workload faced by teachers are dominant factors influencing their motivation and performance. Principals who apply servant leadership are believed to be capable of creating a supportive and collaborative work environment, thereby potentially increasing teachers' motivation and work effectiveness. However, on the other hand, the high workload serves as a serious obstacle that can reduce teacher enthusiasm. This study aims to determine how servant leadership and workload affect teacher work effectiveness, both directly and indirectly, through work motivation as an intervening variable. This research is limited to elementary and junior high school teachers in Kaubun District. It employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population consists of all elementary and junior high school teachers in Kaubun District, totaling 207 teachers. The sample was determined using proportionate random sampling based on the Slovin formula, resulting in 137 respondents. Data analysis tools included SPSS and the Sobel calculator to test the intervening variable. The findings reveal that servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on teacher work effectiveness (0.174), while workload has a significant negative effect (-0.325). The indirect influence tested using the Sobel calculator shows that work motivation mediates the effect of servant leadership and workload on teacher work effectiveness. The significance values for the mediation of servant leadership and workload through work motivation were both 0.000 (Path I and Path II), indicating that work motivation successfully mediates these effects. The conclusion of this study is that servant leadership directly has a positive effect on teacher work effectiveness, while workload directly has a negative effect. Indirectly, work motivation is able to mediate the influence of both servant leadership and workload on teacher work effectiveness.
Keywords: servant leadership, workload, work motivatio, teacher effectiveness, mediation.

Abstrak Tuntutan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama membuat efektivitas kerja guru menjadi indikator penting dalam keberhasilan institusi pendidikan. Dalam konteks ini, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan beban kerja yang dihadapi guru menjadi faktor dominan yang memengaruhi motivasi serta kinerja mereka. Kepala sekolah yang menerapkan servant leadership diyakini mampu menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang suportif dan kolaboratif, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan motivasi dan efektivitas kerja guru. Namun, di sisi lain, tingginya beban kerja menjadi hambatan serius yang dapat menurunkan semangat kerja guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh servant leadership dan beban kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja guru baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui motivasi kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini terbatas pada guru Sekolah Dasar dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kecamatan Kaubun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh guru SD
dan SMP di Kecamatan Kaubun yang berjumlah 207 guru. Sampel ditentukan menggunakan metode proportionate random sampling berdasarkan rumus Slovin, sehingga diperoleh 137 responden. Alat bantu analisis data menggunakan SPSS dan Kalkulator Sobel untuk menguji variabel intervening. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil servant leadership memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas kerja guru dengan sebesar 0,174 dan beban kerja memberikan pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap efektivitas kerja guru sebesar -0,325. Pada pengaruh tidak langsung yang di uji dengan kalkulator sobel didapatkan hasil bahwa motivasi kerja mampu memediasi pengaruh servant leadership dan beban kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja guru. Nilai Signifikansi pada servant leadership dan beban kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja guru melalui motivasi kerja sebesar 0.000 (Jalur I) dan 0,000 (Jalur II) mengidikasikan bahwa motivasi kerja memediasi pengaruh tersebut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah servant leadership dan secara langsung berpengaruh positif terhadap efektivitas kerja guru dan beban kerja secara langsung berpengaruh negatif terhadap efektivitas kerja guru. Pada pengaruh tidak langsung motivasi kerja mampu memediasi pengaruh servant leadership dan beban kerja terhadap efektivitas kerja guru.
Kata kunci: servant leadership; beban kerja; motivasi kerja; efektivitas guru; mediasi

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