Kurikulum Sekolah Vokasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0
Abstract
Keywords: vocational education, curriculum development, Indonesia, Malaysia, Industrial Revolution 4.0
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan dan implementasi kurikulum pendidikan vokasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam menghadapi tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada protokol PRISMA. Sepuluh artikel yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2020–2024 diseleksi dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola, strategi, dan tantangan utama dalam reformasi kurikulum vokasi di kedua negara. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa baik Indonesia maupun Malaysia menekankan pendekatan berbasis kompetensi dan hasil belajar guna menyiapkan lulusan yang memiliki keterampilan kerja, kemampuan adaptasi, serta literasi teknologi yang selaras dengan kebutuhan industri. Indonesia mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka dan Competency-Based Education (CBE) yang berorientasi pada fleksibilitas pembelajaran, otonomi sekolah, dan inovasi guru. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala pada kesiapan guru dan terbatasnya kolaborasi dengan dunia industri. Sementara itu, Malaysia menerapkan Outcome-Based Education (OBE) dan National Dual Training System (NDTS) yang menekankan konsistensi sistem, standarisasi capaian pembelajaran, serta kemitraan industri yang terinstitusionalisasi, meskipun masih menghadapi tantangan dalam kesiapan digital dan penguatan keterampilan lunak peserta didik. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa model kurikulum vokasi yang ideal dapat dikembangkan dengan mengintegrasikan fleksibilitas dan inovasi dari Indonesia serta konsistensi sistemik dari Malaysia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lanjutan direkomendasikan untuk melakukan studi lapangan komparatif yang melibatkan guru, siswa, dan mitra industri, serta mengkaji efektivitas kolaborasi digital dan konsep pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dalam mendukung reformasi pendidikan vokasi.
Kata kunci: pendidikan vokasi, pengembangan kurikulum, Indonesia, Malaysia, Revolusi Industri 4.0
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