The Role of Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Self-Regulated Learning, Foreign Language Enjoyment, and Listening Performance
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abd Latip, N. A., Ismail, I. H., Din, W. A., & Swanto, S. (2021). Metacognitive awareness of listening strategies and perception of listening skill during remote learning. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 6(23), 81–94. https://-doi.org/10.35631/JISTM.623007
Abdolrezapour, P., & Ghanbari, N. (2021). Enhancing learning potential score in EFL listening comprehension and self-regulation through self-regulated dynamic assessment procedures. Language Testing in Asia, 11(1), 10. https://doi.org/¬10.¬1186/-s40468-021-00126-5
Ahmed Ali Sulaiman, M., Ahmad Saleem Khasawneh, M., & Shakibaei, G. (2025). With reflective practices among intermediate EFL learners: highlighting the Traces on academic enthusiasm, peace of mind, creativity, and language growth. Reflective Practice, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2025.2535065
Al-Hawamleh, M. S., Alazemi, A. F., & Al-Jamal, D. A. H. (2022). Digital portfolio and self-regulation in speaking tasks. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1), 14. https://-doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00141-w
Al-Khresheh, M. H., & Alruwaili, S. F. (2024). Metacognition in listening comprehension: Analyzing strategies and gender differences among Saudi EFL University students. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2291954
Bermillo, J., & Aradilla, F. J. (2022). Developing students’ listening comprehension and metacognitive awareness through metacognitive process-based listening instruction. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 84–93. https://doi.-org/10.32996/jeltal.2022.4.1.8
Botes, E., Dewaele, J.-M., & Greiff, S. (2021). The Development and Validation of the Short Form of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale. https://doi.org/¬10.31234/osf.io/984hb
Bozorgian, H., & Shamsi, E. (2025). A review of research on metacognitive instruction for listening development. International Journal of Listening, 39(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2023.2197008
Broadbent, J., Panadero, E., Lodge, J. M., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2023). The self-regulation for learning online (SRL-O) questionnaire. Metacognition and Learning, 18(1), 135–163. https://doi.¬org/10.1007/s11409-022-09319-6
Bullock, N., & Westbrook, C. (2021). Testing in esp: approaches and challenges in aviation and maritime english. In Challenges in Language Testing Around the World (pp. 67–77). Springer Singapore. https://doi.¬org/10.1007/978-981-33-4232-3_7
Capili, B., & Anastasi, J. K. (2024). An introduction to types of quasi-experimental designs. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 124(11), 50–52. https://doi.org/-10.1097/01.NAJ.0001081740.74815.20
Causse, M., Mouratille, D., Rouillard, Y., El Yagoubi, R., Matton, N., & Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. (2024). How does a pilot’s brain cope with stress and mental load? Insights from the executive control network. Behavioural Brain Research, 456, 114698. https://-doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114698
Chen, F., Gao, Y., & Wang, X. (2023). Retracted article: exploring the role of TESOL and digital technology in attitudinal change and sustainable learning for students of higher education. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 320. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01372-3
Chero, C. A. C. (2023). The impact of metacognitive instruction on EFL low-level learners’ listening performance and metacognitive awareness. International Journal of Instruction, 16(2), 291–306. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16217a
Chkotua, M., & Dalakishvili, E. (2025). University students‘ perceptions of a CLIL-based model in teaching aviation English listening skills. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 21(23), 1. https://doi.org/-10.19044/¬esj.¬2025.¬v21n23p1
Daskalovska, N., Hadzi-Nikolova, A., & Alogjozovska, N. J. (2023). The use of metacognitive listening strategies by English language learners. European Journal of English Language Teaching, 8(1). https://doi.org/¬10.46827/ejel.v8i1.4648
Demirdöken, G., & Atay, D. (2024). Enhancing aviation English competency: a simulation-based approach for aspiring pilots. English for Specific Purposes, 76, 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2024.08.001
Dewaele, J.-M., & Dewaele, L. (2020). Are foreign language learners’ enjoyment and anxiety specific to the teacher? An investigation into the dynamics of learners’ classroom emotions. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 10(1), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.1.3
EuroControl. (2023). Performance Review Report (PRR) 2022. EUROCONTROL. June. https://www.-eurocontrol.¬¬int/publication/performance-review-report-prr-2022
Fan, L., & Cui, F. (2024). Mindfulness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation as predictors of psychological well-being in EFL learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332002
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: a new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
Foundation, F. S. (2025). 2024 Safety Report. February.
Goh, C. C. M., & Vandergrift, L. (2021). Teaching and Learning Second Language Listening. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429287749
Helmke, H., & Ohneiser, O. (Eds.). (2024). Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding in Air Traffic Management. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/¬books¬978¬-3-7258-0315-6
ICAO. (2010). Manual on the Implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements. In Strategies.
Küçükaydın, M. A. (2024). Modeling the relationship between academic self-efficacy, metacognitive thinking skills, career plan, and academic motivation. Quality & Quantity, 58(2), 1113–1130. https://-doi.org¬/10.1007/s11135-023-01691-y
Lee, J. S., & Taylor, T. (2024). Positive psychology constructs and extramural English as predictors of primary school students’ willingness to communicate. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(7), 2898–2916. https://doi.org/10.¬1080/01434632.2022.2079650
Liu, H., Li, T., Zheng, H., Li, Y., & Fan, J. (2025). Exploring the relationship between students’ language learning curiosity and academic achievement: the mediating role of foreign language anxiety. Behavioral Sciences, 15(8), 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081133
Lusta, A., Demirel, Ö., & Mohammadzadeh, B. (2023). Language corpus and data-driven learning (DDL) in language classrooms: a systematic review. Heliyon, 9(12), e22731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.-2023.¬e22731
Lyu, T., & Sun, Z. (2025). Enhancing metacognitive listening strategies through intrinsic motivation and enjoyment in mobile language learning. 2025 International Conference on Distance Education and Learning (ICDEL), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1109/¬ICDEL-65868.2025.11193533
Masi, G., Amprimo, G., Ferraris, C., & Priano, L. (2023). Stress and workload assessment in aviation—a narrative review. Sensors, 23(7), 3556. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073556
Morris, S. B., & DeShon, R. P. (2002). Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.¬7.1.105
Okine, E. A., Zarei, E., Roggow, B. J., & Dehghan, N. (2026). Evolution of human factors research in aviation safety: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the intellectual structure. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 7(1), 100249. https://doi.org/10.¬1016/j.jnlssr.2025.100249
Oladrostam, E., Rezaee, A. A., & Nushi, M. (2022). Positive Psychology and SLA Revisited: Unearthing Positive Emotions in EFL Classrooms. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.¬3389/¬fpsyg.¬2022.-922413
Pei, T., Suwanthep, J., & Lu, H. (2023). The effect of self-directed online metacognitive listening practice on Chinese EFL learners’ listening ability, metacognition, and self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.¬3389/fpsyg.¬2023.-1285059
Prasongngern, P., & Soontornwipast, K. (2023). Effects of Listening Strategy Instruction Incorporating Intensive and Extensive Listening on Listening Skills and Metacognitive Awareness. International Journal of Instruction, 16(4), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.-29333/¬iji.2023.16410a
Rezai, A., Ashkani, P., & Ismail, S. M. (2023). Effects of Group-Dynamic Assessment and Process-Based Instruction on EFL Learners’ Metacognitive Awareness and Listening Comprehension: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 52(5), 1345–1370. https://doi.org/10.-1007/s10936-023-09934-7
Rochmawati, L., Fatmawati, F., & Sukma, M. M. (2022). Metacognitive Reading Strategies of English Lesson at Indonesian Civil Aviation Polytechnic. International Journal of Instruction, 15(1), 583–600. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15133a
Rochmawati, L., Fatmawati, & Sukma, M. M. (2023). Motivation, anxiety, and self-efficacy in learning aviation English: a study of Indonesian aviation cadets. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 8(1), 40. https://doi.org/-10.1186/s40862-023-00212-6
Sadigzade, Z. (2025). Exploring the Relationship Between Teacher Reflective Practices and Student Engagement in ESL Classrooms. Acta Globalis Humanitatis et Linguarum, 2(4), 6–36. https://doi.org/10.69760/-aghel.0250040001
Saito, K., Dewaele, J.-M., In’nami, Y., & Abe, M. (2025). Disentangling the causal role of motivation, enjoyment, and anxiety in second language speech learning: A final report. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 47(2), 461–487. https://doi.org/10.-1017/S0272263125000038
Shawcross, P. (2009). New guidelines for aviation English training programmes. In the ICAO Journal.
Shen, X., & Teng, L. S. (2025). Unveiling the effect of self-regulated learning strategies on learning engagement among Chinese EFL learners in the online learning environment. Digital Applied Linguistics, 3, 102473. https://doi.org/10.29140/dal.v3.102473
Su, L., Noordin, N., & Yang, D. (2023). Unraveling the path to success: exploring self-regulated language learning among Chinese college EFL learners. Sage Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231218537
Sun, Y., & Yang, Q. (2025). English-medium instruction learners’ enjoyment and anxiety: a quasi-experimental research. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/-10.1080/2331186X.2025.2477351
Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Empowering learners in the second/foreign language classroom: Can self-regulated learning strategies-based writing instruction make a difference? Journal of Second Language Writing, 48, 100701. https://doi.org/10.1016/¬j.jslw.-2019.100701
Teng, M. F., & Mizumoto, A. (2025). Validation of metacognitive knowledge in vocabulary learning and its predictive effects on incidental vocabulary learning from reading. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 63(3), 1941–1972. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2023-0294
Treadaway, M., & Read, J. (2025). English for specific purposes assessing the language needs of L2 english student pilots preparing for flight training in english-speaking countries. English for Specific Purposes, 78, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2024.12.007
Vandergrift, L., Goh, C. C. M., Mareschal, C. J., & Tafaghodtari, M. H. (2006). The metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire: development and validation. Language Learning, 56(3), 431–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2006.00373.x
Wang, K., Zhang, L. J., & Cooper, M. (2025). Taking stock of metacognitive strategies and collaborative writing for EFL learners’ writing development. Journal of Second Language Writing, 68, 101211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101211
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Researching and practicing positive psychology in second/foreign language learning and teaching: the past, current status and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/¬fpsyg.2021.-731721
Wojcik, D. Z., Moulin, C. J. A., & Fernandez, A. (2021). Assessment of metacognition in aviation pilot students during simulated flight training of a demanding maneuver. Applied Ergonomics, 95, 103427. https://doi.-org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103427
Wu, W., & Kabilan, M. K. (2025). Foreign language enjoyment in language learning from a positive psychology perspective: a scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/¬fpsyg.-2025.1545114
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: an overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um048v31i2p253-262
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
| Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan |
Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.png)
1.png)
1.png)
1.png)
4.png)
.png)
1.png)
.png)
.png)


3.png)
1.png)
1.png)


