Students’ empirical thinking in solving mathematics problems
Abstract
The research purpose is to investigate and explore a solution of non-directed of mathematics problems presented visually or algebraic, and to embed the empirical verification thinking. The problems are from Researcher Repertoire, test item of Teacher Profession Education of National Indonesia, and Flanders Mathematics Olympiad. We analyze the students’ empirical verification thinking of their solutions, i.e. the trend of the thinking, model of representation, and completeness of the logical steps. The results are: the pattern of thinking tends to linear model or of meta-pattern, the description tends to be non-linear or varies of the solution, and the logical steps tend to be a non-recognizable form of thinking. Our recommendations are that the more visual representations need multiple representations, the algebraic thinking needs more the visual illustrations, and the visual images needed in solving mathematics problems.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adler, J., & Davis, Z. (2006). Imaginary-symbolic relations, pedagogic resources and the constitution of mathematics for teaching in in-service mathematics teacher education. In J. Novotná, H. Moraová, M. Krátká, & N. Stehlíková (Eds.). Proceedings of the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Prague, Czech Republic: Charles University in Prag.
Çaylan Ergene, B., & Haser, Ç. (2021). Students’ algebra achievement, algebraic thinking and views in the case of using algebra tiles in groups. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, January. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1019292
Darmawan, P., Purwanto, P., Parta, I. N., & Susiswo, S. (2021). Teacher interventions to induce students ’ awareness in controlling their intuition. Bolema - Mathematics Education Bulletin, 35(70), 745–765. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v35n70a10
Darmawan, P., Purwanto, Parta, I. N., & Susiswo. (2020). The levels of students’ feeling of rightness (for) in solving polygon perimeter problems. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13238a
Dienes, P. Z. (1960). An experimental study of mathematics learning. New York: Hutchinson & Co.
Dreyfus, T. (1991). On the status of visual reasoning in mathematics and mathematics education. In F. Furinghetti (Ed.). Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 1, 33–48.
Fischbein, E. (1977). Image and concept in learning mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 8, 153–165.
Flores, A. (1993). Pythagoras meets van Hiele. School Science and Mathematics, 3, 152–157.
Kilhamn, C., & Bråting, K. (2019). Algebraic thinking in the shadow of programming. January 2020, 566–573.
Landa, L. (1976). Algorithmic in learning and instruction. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
Maudy, S. Y., S., D., & M., E. (2018). Student’ algebraic thinking level. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 8(9), 672–676. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.9.1120
Mundy, J. F. & Lauten, D. (1994). Learning about calculus. The Mathematics Teacher, 87(2), 115–120.
Presmeg, N. (2006). Research on visualization in learning and teaching mathematics: Emergence from psychology. In A. Gutie´ rrez & P. Boero (Eds.), Handbook of research on the psychology of mathematics education. Past, present and future (pp. 205–235). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Rif’at, M. (1998). Rigor analysis of students’ proofs for school mathematics. Unpublished master’s thesis. Malang: IKIP Malang.
Rif’at, M. (2001). The effect of visual teaching and learning to enhance visual deductive competencies in solving visualize problems. Unpublished Doctor’s Dissertation, Bandung: UPI Bandung.
Rif’at, M. (2017a). Philosophy of mathematics education (Filsafat Pendidikan Matematika). Indonesia, West Borneo, Pontianak: UNU Press.
Rif’at, M. (2018). The exploring of visual imagery: In their relation to the students’ mathematical identity. Higher Education Research, 5(75), 75–91.
Rif’at, M. (2017b). Building up pre-service mathematics education students’ geometry competencies based on visual. In: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Proceeding of 5th South East Asia Development Research (SEA-DR) International Conference, 164–174.
Rif’at, M., Rachmat, S., Sugiatno, S., & Dede, S. (2019). A Developing of analytic inequalities monograph based on students’ mathematical activities. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sciences and Engineering Technology, 5(5), 5–9.
Rittle-Johnson, B., & Star, J. R. (2009). Compared with what? The effects of different comparisons on conceptual knowledge and procedural flexibility for equation solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 529.
Sophocleous, P., Kalogirou, P., & Gagatsis, A. (2009). Creative ability and criteria in recognizing geometric figures. Proceedings of PME 33, 5, 153–160.
Star, J. R. (2005). Reconceptualizing procedural knowledge. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 36(5), 404–411.
Star, J. R., & Seifert, C. (2006). The development of flexibility in equation solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31(3), 280–300.
Stigler, J. W., & Hiebert, J. (1999). The teaching gap: Best ideas from the world’s teachers for improving education in the classroom. New York: Free Press.
Tall, D. (1991). Intuition and rigour: the role of visualization in the calculus. Visualization in Teaching and Learning Mathematics, 19, 105–119.
Tall, D. (1992). The transition to advanced mathematical thinking: Functions, limits, infinity and proof. USA: Macmillan. Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning, 495–511.
Tsamir, P., & Mandel, N. (2008). The intuitive rule same A-same B: The case of area and perimeter. The 24th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Hiroshima, Juli.
Verschaffel, L., Luwel, K., Torbeyns, J., & Van Dooren, W. (2007). Developing adaptive expertise: A feasible and valuable goal for (elementary) mathematics education? Ciencias Psicologicas, 1(1), 27–35.
Vinner, S., & Hershkowitz, R. (1989). Concept images and common cognitive paths in the development of some simple geometrical concepts. In R. Kaplus (Ed.). Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, California: Berkeley.
Wu, H. (1999). Basic skills versus conceptual understanding: A bogus dichotomy in mathematics education. American Educator, 23(3), 14–52.
Yamaguti, K. (1993). High school mathematics from a viewpoint of geometric calculation. Seminar Paper, Unpublished.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um076v6i12022p1-10
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohamad Rif’at

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JKPM Indexed By:

Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran Matematika is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License