Dinamika Pengelolaan Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak: Sebuah Proyek Perkotaan Berkelanjutan?

Paulus Bagus Sugiyono, Raphaella Dewantari Dwianto

Abstract


Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan historisitas dinamika pengelolaan RPTRA di Jakarta selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengambil pendekatan yang berbeda dengan pendekatan fungsionalis yang umumnya dilakukan untuk menganalisis RPTRA, misalnya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aji et al. (2016) dan Sutanto dan Junadi (2018). Upaya ini dilakukan untuk melihat RPTRA bukan sebagai sebuah ruang yang “ada” di kota sebagai tempat terjadinya berbagai aktivitas sosial masyarakat, tetapi sebagai sebuah ruang yang dibentuk oleh aspek-aspek tertentu, seperti ekonomi, politik, dan budaya. Konsep yang diambil sebagai kerangka analisis adalah konsep mengenai ruang yang ditawarkan oleh Henri Lefebvre. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif analisis deskriptif, yakni pembacaan literatur dan studi pustaka. Artikel-artikel terkait RPTRA yang dipublikasikan selama lima tahun terakhir dikumpulkan, dibaca, dan dianalisis. Penelitian ini sendiri dilakukan dalam rentang waktu Februari hingga Juni 2021. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa terdapat tiga disrupsi sosial-politik yang terjadi dalam dinamika pengelolaan RPTRA selama lima tahun. Ketiga disrupsi tersebut terkait dengan pengakomodasian aktivitas masyarakat, pergantian kepemimpinan politik, dan pandemi Covid-19. Dengan menggunakan kerangka ruang Lefebvre, penulis berpendapat bahwa seringkali terjadi benturan antara abstraksi perencanaan dan pengelolaan ruang yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah dengan harapan dan ekspektasi masyarakat. Hal yang pertama menggambarkan ruang abstrak, sedangkan hal yang kedua menggambarkan ruang sosial sebagaimana konsep ruang Lefebvre. Demi pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan, partisipasi masyarakat mesti dilibatkan secara aktif dalam pengelolaan perkotaan. Dari segi kebijakan, pemerintah sendiri perlu mengambil kebijakan politik secara diskretif, bukan demi hegemoni politik semata.

 

This article aims to explain the historical dynamics of RPTRA’s management in Jakarta during few recent years. Notwithstanding common functionalist approach, such as Aji et al. (2016) and Sutanto (2018), this article attempts to employ another approach. It tries to portray RPTRA not as a space that “is already being there”, used by city residents to do their various activities, but as a space that is dynamically as well as continuously formed by several factors, for instance economy, politics, and culture. The theoretical concept that is taken as an analysis framework is the concept of space, offered by Henri Lefebvre. This research employs analytic-descriptive qualitative method, such as literature reading. Some articles related with RPTRA which were published within last five years are collected, read, and analysed. This research itself was conducted between February until June 2021. The result of the research states that there are three socio-political disruptions which happened during the historical dynamics of RPTRA’s management. Those related with accommodation of residents’ activities, the dynamics of political situation, and pandemic Covid-19. The Lefebvrian analysis of space shows that there is often friction between city planning and management made by the government and the hope and expectation of city residents. The former indicates abstract space, while the latter indicates social space as were conceived by Lefebvre. For the sake of sustainable management, the participation of civil society must be included continuously. Furthermore, government itself must take political policy discreetly and not for mere political hegemony.

 


Keywords


Kata Kunci: RPTRA (Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak), ruang abstrak, ruang sosial, disrupsi sosial-politik, pengelolaan, Henri Lefebvre.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v6i2p233-248

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