Aktivisme Digital dalam Wacana Omnibus Law Struktur Jaringan dan Peranan Hashtag dalam Mobilisasi Opini Publik

Nora Titahning Ayudha

Abstract


Omnibus Law menjadi salah satu polemik terbesar dalam kalender sosial politik di tahun 2020. Bagi para pendukungnya, pengesahan Omnibus Law menjadi pintu masuk investasi di Indonesia, sedangkan pihak oposisi meyakini bahwa kebijakan ini berdampak buruk pada mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam dan tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini berfokus pada struktur jaringan, baik sosial maupun teks yang terbentuk selama wacana Omnibus Law dan kerja Hashtag dalam kerangka aktivisme digital. Penelitian ini menggabungkan antara penelitian metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode Social Network Analysis (SNA) dan Textual Network Analysis  (TNA) dengan software Netlytic dalam menghimpun data serta Wordji dan Gephi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 26 September hingga 3 Oktober dan meraih 1521 cuitan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa organisasi-organisasi sipil dan aktivis sosial politik menjadi aktor dominan dalam menyuarakan kepentingan publik. Organisasi sipil menjadi garda depan dalam mengawal isu penolakan ini karena secara konsisten mengawal isu-isu publik dan memiliki sumber daya yang memadai dalam menolak pengesahan RUU Omnibus Law sehingga kehandalan dalam beropini di Twitter mampu meyakinkan pengguna lainnya untuk mendukung agenda yang diusung. Selain itu, Hashtag #batalkanomnibuslaw menjadi frasa yang paling dominan. Di sisi lain beragam Hashtag yang menunjukkan penolakan terhadap pengesahan Omnibus Law juga menjadi frasa yang mendominasi di beberapa percakapan. Meskipun begitu, dalam konteks wacana Omnibus Law ini para aktor yang banyak dirujuk pengguna lain dan diamplifikasi gagasannya menyebut bahwa Hashtag terbatas dalam memberikan informasi yang holistik. Maka, dua hal yang dilakukan demi menutup keterbatasan tersebut dengan menambahkan tautan (link) yang berisi sejumlah informasi penting dan juga mengombinasikan dengan pengorganisasian di ranah nyata. 

 

Digital Activism in the Omnibus Law Discourse Network Structure and the Role of Hashtags in Mobilizing Public Opinion

The Omnibus Law is one of the biggest polemics in the socio-political calendar in 2020. For its supporters, the ratification of the Omnibus Law is an entry point for investment in Indonesia, while the opposition believes that this policy has a negative impact on exploiting natural resources and labor. This study focuses on the network structure, both social and textual, that was formed during the Omnibus Law discourse and the work of Hashtags within the framework of digital activism. This research combines descriptive qualitative research with Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Textual Network Analysis  (TNA) methods with Netlytic software in collecting data and Wordji and Gephi. Data collection was carried out during September 26 to October 3 and received 1521 tweets. The results of this study indicate that civil organizations and socio-political activists are the dominant actors in voicing the public interest. The Hashtag #batalkanomnibuslaw became the most dominant phrase. Various Hashtags that show rejection of the ratification of the Omnibus Law have also become phrases that dominate in several conversations. Influential actors state that Hashtags are reducing the information complexity and need to be combined with direct organization in the real world so that it can influence public policy.


Keywords


Social Network Analysis; Text Network Analysis; Omnibus Law; Aktivisme Digital; Twitter

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v7i1p59-74

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