The Role of Calling on Work Engagement: A Study on Generation Z

Dewi Anggraini, Amalia Juniarly, Marisya Pratiwi

Abstract


The current workforce comprises several generations, one of which is Generation Z. As the newest generation to enter the workforce, Gen Z exhibits distinct attitudes and values related to work, which can impact their level of work engagement. This study aims to determine the role of calling on work engagement among Gen Z. The population in this study consisted of Gen Z individuals aged 18–27 from all over Indonesia, with a sample size of 150 participants and 50 participants for trials with the same characteristics as the research sample. The measuring instrument used was a work engagement scale arranged based on aspects of vigor, dedication, and absorption, and a calling scale arranged based on dimensions of identification and person-environment fit, sense-meaning and value-driven behavior, and transcendent guiding force. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results revealed the role of calling in work engagement among Gen Z. The effective contribution of the calling variable to work engagement was 69.4 percent, while the remaining influence was attributed to other factors.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Azwar, S. (2016). Metode Penelitian Psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Azwar, S. (2021). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi (3rd ed.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job Demands–Resources Theory. In P. Y. Chen & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide (Vol. 3, pp. 37–64). West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019

Basra, A. (2020). Profile of Generation Z and Work Engagement Levels of Generation Z and Generation Y in Auckland (Master’s thesis, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10652/4932

Berkup, S. B. (2014). Working with Generations X and Y in Generation Z Period: Management of Different Generations in Business Life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p218

Cao, Y., Liu, J., Liu, K., Yang, M., & Liu, Y. (2019). The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment Between Calling and Work Engagement of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 6(3), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004

Cardador, M. T., Dane, E., & Pratt, M. G. (2011). Linking Calling Orientations to Organizational Attachment Via Organizational Instrumentality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.009

Carver, L., & Candela, L. (2008). Attaining Organizational Commitment Across Different Generations of Nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 16(8), 984–991. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2008.00911.x

Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work Engagement: A Quantitative Review and Test of Its Relations with Task and Contextual Performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x

Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2009). Calling and Vocation at Work: Definitions and Prospects for Research and Practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 424–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008316430

Dobrow, S. R., & Tosti‐Kharas, J. (2011). Calling: The Development of a Scale Measure. Personnel Psychology, 64(4), 1001–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x

Elangovan, A. R., Pinder, C. C., & McLean, M. (2010). Callings and Organizational Behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.10.009

Field, L. K., & Buitendach, J. H. (2011). Happiness, Work Engagement and Organisational Commitment of Support Staff at a Tertiary Education Institution in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v37i1.946

Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐Determination Theory and Work Motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322

Hagmaier, T., & Abele, A. E. (2015). Determinants of Job Satisfaction: Living One’s Calling as a Neglected Predictor? In R. Osbourne (Ed.), Job Satisfaction: Determinants, Workplace Implications and Impacts on Psychological Well-Being (pp. 1–23). Hauppauge: Nova Publishers.

Hampton, D. C., & Keys, Y. (2016). Generation Z Students: Will They Change Our Nursing Classrooms? Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(4), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n4p111

Hirschi, A. (2012). Callings and Work Engagement: Moderated Mediation Model of Work Meaningfulness, Occupational Identity, and Occupational Self-Efficacy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(3), 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028949

Irina, S., & Riasnugrahani, M. (2022). Panggilan, Komitmen Karier, dan Keterikatan Kerja pada Guru Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 9(2), 354–372. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu549

Jeon, H., Lee, K., & Kwon, S. (2016). Investigation of the Structural Relationships Between Social Support, Self-Compassion, and Participantive Well-Being in Korean Elite Student Athletes. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116658226

Kirchmayer, Z., & Fratričová, J. (2018, April). What Motivates Generation Z at Work? Insights into Motivation Drivers of Business Students in Slovakia. Innovation Management and Education Excellence through Vision 2020, 6019–6030. Milan, Italy.

Kolodinsky, R. W., Ritchie, W. J., & Kuna, W. A. (2018). Meaningful Engagement: Impacts of a ‘Calling’ Work Orientation and Perceived Leadership Support. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(3), 406–423. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.19

Kubátová, J. (2016). Work-Related Attitudes of Czech Generation Z: International Comparison. Central European Business Review, 5(4), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.167

Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2016). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

Levickaitė, R. (2010). Generations X, Y, Z: How Social Networks Form the Concept of the World Without Borders (the Case of Lithuania). LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics, 3(2), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.17

Ozkan, M., & Solmaz, B. (2015). The Changing Face of the Employees – Generation Z and Their Perceptions of Work (A Study Applied to University Students). Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 476–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00876-X

Pangesti, S. W., & Riasnugrahani, M. (2022). Hubungan Makna Panggilan dan Keterikatan Kerja pada Guru. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 11(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.17977/um023v11i12022p62-70

Periantalo, J. (2016). Penelitian Kuantitatif untuk Psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Puspita, M. D. (2013). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial dan Makna Kerja Sebagai Panggilan (Calling) dengan Keterikatan Kerja. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 1(1), 1–17.

Rakhim, A. F. (2020). Factors That Cause Work Engagement in the Millennial Performance in BUMN. Proceedings of The ICECRS, 8. Retrieved from https://icecrs.umsida.ac.id/index.php/icecrs/article/view/422

Rothmann, S., & Hamukang’andu, L. (2013). Callings, Work Role Fit, Psychological Meaningfulness and Work Engagement Among Teachers in Zambia. South African Journal of Education, 33(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v33n2a699

Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2003). UWES (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale): Preliminary Manual. Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326

Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well‐Being? Applied Psychology, 57(2), 173–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x

Schewe, C. D., Meredith, G. E., & Noble, S. M. (2000). Defining Moments: Segmenting by Cohorts. Marketing Management, 9(3), 48–53.

Seppälä, P. (2013). Work Engagement: Psychometrical, Psychosocial, and Psychophysiological Approach (Doctoral dissertation, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland). Retrieved from https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-5301-0

Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Ulfa, B., Riasnugrahani, M., & Riantoputra, C. D. (2021). The Antecedents of Calling: A Career Construction Perspective. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 15(1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v15i1.13283

Utami, P., & Mardiawan, O. (2022). Pengaruh Mindfulness terhadap Work Engagement pada Pekerja Startup Digital di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Psikologi, 2(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrp.v2i1.834

Xie, B., Xia, M., Xin, X., & Zhou, W. (2016). Linking Calling to Work Engagement and Participantive Career Success: The Perspective of Career Construction Theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.011




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um023v14i12025p150-159

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Sains Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  Reference Manager : 

     

Aliansi:

     


Plagiarism Checker :

 

 

Creative Commons License


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.