Inkorporasi Hermeneutika Kritis Jürgen Habermas pada Pendidikan Sejarah Bermuatan Difficult History
Abstract
Abstract:
History education in the 21st century faces various challenges, especially in presenting sensitive and traumatic historical material, otherwise known as "difficult history". This paper aims to explore the relevance of Jürgen Habermas' critical hermeneutics in understanding and teaching this complex history using library research. Habermas' critical hermeneutics, which seeks to uncover structures of domination in language and social interaction and promote emancipation through democratic and inclusive dialogue, offers an approach that can free individuals from distorted historical understanding. Critical hermeneutics enables a dialogical and reflective process of meaning by using the methods of verstehen (understanding) and erklären (explanation). In Indonesia's history education context, various dark events, such as serious human rights violations, are the focus that requires this approach. Through the application of critical hermeneutics, it is hoped that history education can become a means of reconciliation and social transformation, encouraging the creation of a communicative, critical society free from the hegemony of dominating power.
Abstrak: Pendidikan sejarah di abad ke-21 menghadapi tantangan yang beragam, terutama dalam menyajikan materi sejarah yang sensitif dan traumatis, atau dikenal sebagai "difficult history". Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi relevansi hermeneutika kritis Jürgen Habermas dalam memahami dan mengajarkan sejarah yang kompleks ini dengan menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan. Hermeneutika kritis Habermas, yang berupaya mengungkap struktur dominasi dalam bahasa dan interaksi sosial serta mempromosikan emansipasi melalui dialog yang demokratis dan inklusif, menawarkan pendekatan yang dapat membebaskan individu dari distorsi pemahaman sejarah. Dengan menggunakan metode verstehen (pemahaman) dan erklären (penjelasan), hermeneutika kritis memungkinkan proses pemaknaan yang dialogis dan reflektif. Dalam konteks pendidikan sejarah di Indonesia, berbagai peristiwa kelam seperti pelanggaran HAM berat menjadi fokus yang membutuhkan pendekatan ini. Melalui penerapan hermeneutika kritis, diharapkan pendidikan sejarah dapat menjadi sarana rekonsiliasi dan transformasi sosial, mendorong terciptanya masyarakat yang komunikatif, kritis, dan bebas dari hegemoni dominasi kekuasaan.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um0330v7i1p73-93
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