Dari Medan Perang Meksiko ke Strategi Perang Saudara: Transformasi Pengalaman Tempur Jenderal Ulysses S. Grant
Abstract
effective and adaptive military strategy in the context of Sishankamrata. By using a mixed methods
approach, quantitative correlation, and qualitative analysis through historical case studies. This
study examined the influence of war experience on the war strategy, focusing on the figure of
General Ulysses S. Grant. The results showed a very strong correlation (r = 0.979) between combat
experience and military strategy development. This indicates that experience on the battlefield
contributes greatly to forming effective intuition, decision-making, and strategic leadership.
Novelty This study lies in the integration of experiential learning theory and adaptive leadership in
analyzing causal relationships between combat experience and military strategy, which has not
been widely studied in depth in academic literature. This study contributes to enriching the
Sishankamrata framework by emphasizing the importance of empirical learning in forming adaptive
strategic leadership while offering a historical-comparative perspective for the development of a
responsive global military strategy of the dynamics of modern conflict. The limitation of this study
lies in the focus on one single figure, namely General Ulysses S. Grant, so that generalizations to the
context of military and civilian leaders in history are still limited; however, this finding still has
theoretical and practical significance because it opens new insights on how combat experience can
be converted into an effective military strategy and adaptive civilian leadership. Keywords: History
of War, Sishankamrata, Mixed Methods.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmadian, F., & Rahimi, H. (2022). Teachers’’’’Perception of Visionary Leadership Style and its
Effect on Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Mental Toughness. Industrial and
Organizational Psychology Studies, 9(1), 203–226.
Akhter, M., Ahmed, A., Momen, M. A., Sultana, N., Sultana, S., & Ferdousi, F. (2024).
Determinants of online merchants’ satisfaction on third party logistics in a developing
nation: a partial least square (PLS) approach. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2382338.
Anekawati, A., & Otok, B. W. (2017). Structural equation modelling with three schemes
estimation of score factors on partial least square (Case study: the quality of education level
SMA/MA in Sumenep Regency). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 855(1), 12006.
Ardhiyansyah, A., & Iskandar, Y. (2023). Why do consumers buy paper bags? The Impact of Habit,
Consumer Awareness and Sustainability as Drivers of Environmentally Responsible
Consumer Behavior. The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2(02), 61–75.
Badeeb, R. A., Lean, H. H., & Clark, J. (2017). The evolution of the natural resource curse thesis: A
critical literature survey. Resources Policy, 51, 123–134.
Beeson, M. (2018). Geoeconomics with Chinese characteristics: the BRI and China’s evolving
grand strategy. Economic and Political Studies, 6(3), 240–256.
Beny Mukti Setiyawan, W., Hanindyo Mantri, B., & Junaidi, A. (2020). Optimalisasi Sishankamrata
Melalui Penerapan Lima Pilar Total Defence sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Negara Indonesia
yang Berdaulat. Borneo Law Review, 4(2), 155–167.
Burmaoglu, S., & Sarıtas, O. (2017). Changing characteristics of warfare and the future of Military
R&D. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 116, 151–161.
Calhoun, C. W. (2023). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. University Press of Kansas.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Gross, J. (2019). Revisiting the form and function of conflict: Neurobiological,
psychological, and cultural mechanisms for attack and defense within and between groups.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42, e116.
Dhakal, K. (2022). NVivo. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 110(2), 270.
Dugas, M., Trottier, M.-È., Chipenda Dansokho, S., Vaisson, G., Provencher, T., Colquhoun, H.,
Dogba, M. J., Dupéré, S., Fagerlin, A., & Giguere, A. M. C. (2017). Involving members of
vulnerable populations in the development of patient decision aids: a mixed methods
sequential explanatory study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 17, 1–11.
Dzwigol, H. (2020). Innovation in marketing research: quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. (2021). Parenting in times of war: A metaanalysis and qualitative synthesis of war exposure, parenting, and child adjustment. Trauma,
Violence, & Abuse, 22(1), 147–160.
Farooqi, S., & Naeem, F. (2023). Precedence and impact of flipped classroom on student
engagement: mediating study using SEM-PLS. Advanced Education, 52–68.
Gerring, J. (2017). Qualitative methods. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 15–36.
Gironda, J. T. (2024). Review of advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation
modeling. Springer.
Grant, U. S. (2017). The Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant: The Complete Annotated Edition.
Harvard University Press.
Hajjar, S. T. (2018). Statistical analysis: Internal-consistency reliability and construct validity.
International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 6(1), 27–38.
Hasselbladh, H., & Ydén, K. (2020). Why military organizations are cautious about learning?
JPSI, Vol , No. , 2025 |
Sejarah Perang… Faonaso Harefa et al
Armed Forces & Society, 46(3), 475–494.
Hoda, N., Ahmad, N., Aldweesh, A., & Naveed, Q. N. (2023). Intensity of SNS use as a predictor of
online social capital and the moderating role of SNS platforms: an empirical study using
partial least squares structural equation modelling. Sustainability, 15(6), 4967.
Khoshnaw, S. H. A., Shahzad, M., Ali, M., & Sultan, F. (2020). A quantitative and qualitative
analysis of the COVID–19 pandemic model. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 138, 109932.
Lasaiba, M. A., Lasaiba, D., Arfa, A. M., & Lasaiba, I. (2023). Structural Equation Modeling Partial
Least Square for Modeling the Relationship of Readiness, Creativity and Motivation to
Students’ Problem-Solving Ability. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(1), 67–79.
Lau, K. W., Lee, P. Y., & Chung, Y. Y. (2019). A collective organizational learning model for
organizational development. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(1), 107–123.
Maulidiyawan, R., & Susanto, R. (2024). SISHANKAMRATA: An Approach to a Versatile
Asymmetric Strategy for Weak and Strong from Clausewitz Trinity Perspective. International
Journal of Business, Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (IJBHES), 6(2), 218–227.
Mey, G. (2022). Qualitative methodology. In International handbook of psychology learning and
teaching (pp. 453–478). Springer.
Moradi, F., Moradi, F., Söderberg, M., Olin, A.-C., & Lärstad, M. (2020). Gendered lived
experiences of marriage and family following exposure to chemical warfare agents: content
analysis of qualitative interviews with survivors in Halabja, Kurdistan-Iraq. BMJ Open, 10(10),
e034277.
Octavian, A., Widjayanto, J., Putra, I. N., Sumarno, A. P., & Saragih, H. J. R. (2021).
SISHANKAMRATA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN MAINTAINING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF
INDONESIA’S STRATEGIC INTERESTS. Journal of Defense Resources Management, 12(1).
Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). Discriminant validity assessment in PLS-SEM: A comprehensive
composite-based approach. Data Analysis Perspectives Journal, 3(2), 1–8.
Reiter, D., & Wagstaff, W. A. (2018). Leadership and military effectiveness. Foreign Policy Analysis,
(4), 490–511.
Schoonenboom, J. (2023). The fundamental difference between qualitative and quantitative
data in mixed methods research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social
Research, 24(1).
Sepmayanti, R., Wiliamin, J., & Safrianti, S. (2024). PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA
KARYAWAN YANG DI MEDIASI MOTIVASI KERJA PADA KARYAWAN PT. BANK RAKYAT
INDONESIA (BRI) KCP. UNIT PADANG JATI BENGKULU:(CASE STUDY IN PUBLIC HOSPITAL
SINGAPARNA TASIKMALAYA). EKONOMIKA, 12(2), 68–79.
Siew, D. H. K., & Koh, J. H. L. (2023). Being and becoming beginning military leaders: Implications
for leadership learning. Military Psychology, 35(2), 142–156.
Smith, D. C. (2021). Cybersecurity in the energy sector: are we really prepared? In Journal of
Energy & Natural Resources Law (Vol. 39, Issue 3, pp. 265–270). Taylor & Francis.
Suryadinata, L. (2022). Indonesia’s foreign policy under Suharto: Aspiring to international
leadership. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
Taufiqurahman, D., Yunita, T., & Jumawan, J. (2024). Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Komitmen
Afektif terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai pada Puskesmas Telaga Murni Kabupaten Bekasi.
JURNAL ECONOMINA, 3(9), 1001–1007.
Wahyuni, P. H. S., Hidayati, N., & Asiyah, S. (2024). Digital Impact on Beauty Salons: E-Service
Quality, E-Promotion, Customer Satisfaction and Purchase Decisions. Journal of Business and
Management Review, 5(8), 719–736.
JPSI, Vol , No. , 2025 |
Sejarah Perang… Faonaso Harefa et al
Wang, W., Tie, F. H., Omar, I. M. B., Chen, W., Li, P., & Shi, C. (2023). An empirical study on the
creative learning environment fostering student creativity: A multiple mediation analysis
using smart PLS 4. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 13, 24.
Watkin, K. (2016). Military Advantage: A Matter of “Value”, Strategy, and Tactics. Yearbook of
International Humanitarian Law Volume 17, 2014, 277–364.
Williamson, K., Given, L. M., & Scifleet, P. (2018). Qualitative data analysis. Research Methods:
Information, Systems, and Contexts:, 2(2), 453–476.
Wipulanusat, W., Panuwatwanich, K., Stewart, R. A., & Sunkpho, J. (2020). Applying mixed
methods sequential explanatory design to innovation management. The 10th International
Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 485–495
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um0330v8i1p95-117
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editorial office:
History Department, Faculty of Social Science,
Universitas Negeri Malang
Jl. Semarang No.5 Kota Malang 65145,
Phone. (0341) 551312,
email: [email protected]
Website: http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah/index
E-ISSN 2622-1837

This work is licensed under a CC BY SA 4.0.





