Analisis Perilaku Maladaptif Siswa Tunagrahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa

Fadilah Ariani; Wiwik Dwi Hastuti; Eka Pramono Adi

doi:10.17977/um031v10i22024p127-131

Analisis Perilaku Maladaptif Siswa Tunagrahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa

Fadilah Ariani, Wiwik Dwi Hastuti, Eka Pramono Adi

Abstract

Abstrak: Perilaku maladaptif pada siswa tunagrahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) merupakan tantangan yang cukup signifikan dalam pendidikan inklusif. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis perilaku maladaptif, faktor-faktor penyebab dan strategi intervensi yang efektif. Melalui analisis komprehensif menggunakan metode systematic literature review, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi lima kategori utama perilaku maladaptif: agresif, self-injurious, stereotipik, disruptif dan menarik diri. Pendekatan bio-psiko-sosial mengungkapkan interaksi kompleks antara faktor biologis, psikologis, dan sosial dalam pembentukan perilaku maladaptif. Teori pembelajaran sosial dan analisis perilaku fungsional memberikan perspektif penting dalam mekanisme terjadinya perilaku maladapatif. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan kebutuhan akan strategi intervensi yang holistik dan individualistik, dengan mengutamakan pada pelatihan guru, manajemen kelas yang efektif dan dukungan keluarga serta masyarakat. Implikasi penelitian ini mencakup rekomendasi untuk pengembangan program di SLB, peningkatan pelatihan guru dan penyusunan kebijakan pendidikan inklusif yang lebih menyeluruh.
Kata kunci: Tunagrahita; Maladaptif; Pendidikan inklusif

Keywords

Tunagrahita; Maladaptif; Pendidikan inklusif

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um031v10i22024p127-131