Pelatihan Extended Activities of Daily Living (EADL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Fungsional Tunagrahita

Yosephin Aris Biyanti; Ike Dwiastuti; Helga Graciani Hidajat

doi:10.17977/um031v11i22025p380-390

Pelatihan Extended Activities of Daily Living (EADL) untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Fungsional Tunagrahita

Yosephin Aris Biyanti, Ike Dwiastuti, Helga Graciani Hidajat

Abstract

Permasalahan kemandirian fungsional pada individu dewasa dengan tunagrahita sedang masih menjadi tantangan di berbagai konteks, terutama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang menuntut kemampuan adaptif yang lebih kompleks Rendahnya kemandirian fungsional berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis, termasuk stabilitas emosi, harga diri, dan kemampuan berinteraksi sosial secara adaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pelatihan Extended Activities of Daily Living (EADL) dengan menerapkan total task chaining berbasis video prompting terhadap peningkatan kemandirian fungsional pada individu dewasa dengan tunagrahita sedang. Subjek terdiri dari tiga perempuan berusia 44–54 tahun di Bhakti Luhur yang belum mandiri dalam aktivitas instrumental sehari-hari. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimen A-B-A dengan pendekatan Single Subject Research. Intervensi mencakup pelatihan merapikan tempat tidur, mencuci baju, mencuci peralatan makan, dan membersihkan kamar mandi. Data dianalisis secara visual berdasarkan skor FIM+FAM. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada seluruh aktivitas selama fase intervensi, dengan stabilitas skor yang stabil setelah intervensi dihentikan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa teknik chaining yang dikombinasikan dengan video prompting efektif dalam meningkatkan kemandirian fungsional pada subjek tunagrahita sedang.

Keywords

Tunagrahita; kemandirian fungsional; EADL; chaining; video prompting

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um031v11i22025p380-390